新东方新概念英语第三册笔记

xjwxx

Lesson 21 Daniel Mendoza 丹尼尔.门多萨
　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　Boxing  n.拳击
　　
　　Boxer n.拳击手
　　
　　Bare adj.赤裸的（= uncovered adj.无盖的）
　　Fisted adj.握成拳头的
　　bare fist = bare fisted adj.赤手空拳的 adv.赤手空拳地
　　bare foot = barefooted adj.光着脚的 adv.未戴帽地
　　barehanded（adj.赤手空拳的） barelegged（adj.露腿的 adv.光着腿的）
　　bare-necked（adj.露出脖子的） bareheaded（adj.不戴帽子的）
　　naked adj.全裸, 赤裸的, 裸体的
　　-- He‘s walking in bare feet. 他光着双脚走路。
　　-- He is naked. = he has nothing no 他什么也没穿。
　　Nude adj.裸体的, 光秃秃的 n.裸体画, 裸体, 裸体雕像
　　-- Nudes are art. 裸体画是一种艺术。
　　
　　prizefighter  n.职业拳击手（尤指古时赤手拳击手）
　　
　　crude adj.粗野的
　　be crude to somebody
　　-- He is crude to the girl.
　　Rude adj.粗鲁的, 无礼的（比crude的语气要弱）
　　
　　Marquis n.侯爵
　　
　　Technically adv.严格根据法律意义地
　　Science n.科学
　　
　　Popularity n.名望（n.普及, 流行, 声望）
　　in popularity 受欢迎的
　　-- Instant adj.立即的, 即时的, (食品)速溶的, 方便的
　　-- Instant foods are getting in popularity.
　　-- Popular songs are in popularity.
　　Popular adj.通俗的, 流行的, 受欢迎的
　　-- Be popular with sb 受某人喜爱
　　-- The famous actor is popular with young people.
　　Fame n.名声, 名望, 传说 famous adj.著名的, 出名的
　　Reputation n.声誉, 名誉, 名声
　　
　　
　　adore v.崇拜, 爱戴（= worship vi.敬神, 拜神 vt.崇拜, 尊敬）
　　-- More and more people adore the famous actress.
　　
　　alike adv.一样地
　　= similarly adv.同样地, 类似于
　　= equally adv.同样地, 相等地, 平等地
　　= as well 也, 又, 同样
　　= in the same way adv.同样地
　　-- He was adored by rich and poor alike.
　　-- The teacher is adored by boy and girl alike.
　　
　　Fame n.名声
　　
　　Eminent adj.著名的，杰出的
　　= distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；超群的；出众的；著名的
　　-- eminent scientist / eminent physicist（n.物理学家）
　　
　　bitterly adv.厉害地
　　-- It is blowing bitterly.
　　Bitter adj.苦的, 辛酸的, 刺骨的
　　-- During cold winter, it is really bitter. / bitter fruit 苦果
　　
　　bet v.打赌
　　bet on something 以…打赌
　　-- The public bet on Tom. 公众把赌注押在汤姆的身上。
　　bet somebody that 和某人打赌
　　-- I bet her I would win the march.
　　bet one‘s bottom dollar on… 孤注一掷在…上
　　-- He bet his bottom dollar on his last attempt.
　　bet on the wrong horse [口]判断或估计错误
　　I bet. 我打赌, 我肯定。
　　You bet. [俗]当然, 真的, 的确（= certainly）
　　
　　Academy n.专业学校
　　
　　Extravagant adj.浪费的，奢移的（wasteful adj.浪费的, 不经济的）
　　-- extravagant habit
　　反义词：thrifty, frugal, economical
　　
　　poverty n.贫困（in poverty 在贫困中）
　　indigence n.贫乏, 穷困
　　destitution n.赤贫（穷得一无所有）
　　penury n.拮据, 贫穷, 穷困
　　
　　unsuccessful adj.不成功的, 失败的
　　champion n.冠军, 战士
　　injure vt.损害, 伤害 v.伤害
　　injured adj.受伤的,受损害的
　　figure n.人物, 尤其是著名人物
　　glove n.手套 vt.戴手套
　　draw vt., vi.(drew, drawn, drawing)拉, 拖, 绘制
　　swift adj.迅速的, 敏捷的 adv.迅速地, 敏捷地
　　swiftly adv.很快地, 即刻
　　settled adj.确立的, 定下的, 决定的
　　quarrel vi.吵架, 争论, 挑剔
　　argument n.争论, 辩论
　　finally adv.最後, 最终
　　ring n.拳击场
　　later adj.更迟的,更后的 adv.稍后,随后
　　lose vi. 失败, 受损失
　　debt n.债；债务
　　
　　Text 课文
　　How many unsuccessful attempts did Mendoza make before becoming Champion of all England?
　　Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.
　　be popular = be in popularity
　　
　　In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.
　　fought with bare fists 赤手空拳的打斗
　　
　　Because of this, they were known as ‘prizefighters‘.
　　However, boxing was very crude, for these were no rules and a prizefighter could be
　　seriously injured or even killed during a match.
　　
　　One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in
　　1764.
　　One of the most colourful figures = one of the most famous people
　　
　　The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up
　　the first set of rules.
　　Introduce（vt.传入, 引进）= bring in（介绍引进）
　　-- Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.
　　draw up vt.制定、起草（-- draw up a plan）
　　
　　Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting
　　into a sport, for he brought science to the game.
　　
　　In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
　　In his day = in his full time = in his good day 在他的全盛时期
　　He was adored by rich and poor alike.
　　= He was not only adored by the rich but adored by the poor as well.
　　
　　Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.
　　rise to fame = become famous
　　
　　This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in
　　England.
　　attract somebody‘s attention = attract the attention of somebody
　　
　　He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn.
　　
　　In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him.
　　turn against… 变成和...敌对
　　
　　The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by
　　a fight.
　　bitter（adv.非常, 剧烈, 厉害）= Severely（adv.严格地, 激烈地）
　　
　　A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour.
　　The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.
　　
　　Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time.
　　he lost for a second time = he lost again
　　
　　It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became
　　Champion of England.
　　It is/was not until
　　Jungle’s opinion: 在英语中喜欢把not和until连在一起用
　　例如：He didn’t leave until the rain stopped.
　　
　　Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his
　　pupils.
　　
　　He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as $100 for a single appearance.
　　as much as 多达
　　
　　Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt.
　　in debt 欠债, 负债
　　
　　After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten.
　　He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1...D grasp vt.抓住, 掌握, 领会 n.抓住, 掌握, 领会
　　establish vt.建立, 设立, 确定, 证实
　　
　　2...D in favor of adv.赞同, 有利于
　　
　　3...C apart from 除什么之外还有
　　supplement vt.补足, 补充
　　
　　4...A 5...A 6...B
　　
　　7...B owe people money = owe money to people
　　
　　8...B
　　vivid adj.生动的, 鲜明的, 鲜艳的, 活泼的, 逼真的
　　personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人
　　character n.特性, 性质, 特征, 人物
　　image n.图象, 肖像, 偶像
　　imaginative adj.想象的, 虚构的 adj.富于想象的, 有想象力的
　　
　　9...C
　　exceptionally（adj.例外的, 异常的） à unusually（adv.显著地, 不同寻常的）
　　-- An exceptionally beautiful girl.
　　marvelously（adj.不可思议的, 非凡的） = wonderfully（adv.奇妙的, 奇异的）
　　singly adv.单独的
　　unequally adv.不相等地, 不公平地, 独一无二的
　　
　　10...A rise vi.n.
　　
　　11...A
　　jealous adj.妒忌的, 猜疑的, 警惕的, 嫉妒的
　　disinterested adj.无私心的, 廉洁的, 公正的 adj.[美口]不关心的, 不感兴趣的
　　revolt v.反抗, 起义, 反叛
　　revolted adj.起来反抗的, 起义的, 厌恶的
　　
　　12...D
　　beat = defeat
　　conquer vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服
　　gain vt.vi.赢得, 获得 win v.赢得（比赛）

xjwxx

Lesson 22 By heart 熟记台词
　　New words and expression 生词和短语
　　run (ran, run) v.（戏剧, 电影等）连演，连映
　　-- The film is so successful that it runs for several weeks.
　　  
　　Lines n.（剧本中的）台词
　　Part n.剧中的角色, 台词
　　
　　Falter v.支吾, 结巴说
　　-- He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter.
　　 他练习这首诗好多次了，所以没有理由结巴。
　　Stammer v.口吃, 结巴着说出, 结结巴巴地说
　　Falter vi.蹒跚而行蹒跚踉跄, 摇摆
　　= Stagger v.摇晃, 蹒跚, 交错, 摇摇摆摆
　　-- He faltered home.
　　
　　cast (cast, cast) v.选派…扮演角色
　　-- The actor was cast in the role of hero. 这个演员在剧中扮演英雄的角色。
　　Role n.角色, 任务
　　
　　Role n.角色
　　Aristocrat n.贵族
　　
　　Imprison v.关押（= put sb in prison 关押某人）
　　-- He was imprisoned for 10 years.
　　imprisonment n.关押
　　-- sentence sb to life imprisonment 判名人终生监禁
　　prison, jail = gaol n.监狱
　　-- send sb to prison / put sb in prison / throw sb into prison
　　in prison 坐牢（不加the）
　　-- He is in prison/jail/gaol.
　　= He is behind bars. 他在铁窗之后。
　　
　　Bastille n.巴士底狱
　　Gaoler n.监狱长，看守
　　Colleague n.同事
　　Curtain n.（舞台上的）幕布
　　
　　Reveal v.使显露, 揭露, 揭穿
　　-- The secret hasn‘t been revealed.
　　Reveal vt.把什么露出来
　　-- A curtain was up and revealed the beautiful scenery.（n.风景, 景色）
　　Disclose vt.揭发（-- disclose the truth）
　　Discover vt.发现
　　Uncover vt.揭开具体的盖子
　　-- A very tight dress reveals the beautiful figure.
　　Revealable adj.可展现的
　　Revealer n.探测器
　　
　　cell n.单人监房, 监号
　　blank adj.空白的
　　
　　squint v.眯着（眼）看, 瞄
　　squint one‘s eyes眯着眼睛
　　-- He squinted his eyes and looked at the letter.
　　pear at 眯着眼睛看
　　
　　dim adj.昏暗
　　-- The room is too dim so I can‘t read the letter.
　　Gloomy adj.(天气,心情)抑郁的
　　-- The weather is gloomy today. / He is in gloomy mood.
　　Dusky adj.(天色)漆黑的, 黑暗的
　　-- Towards evening it’s getting dusky.
　　Murky adj.黑暗的, 阴沉的
　　-- I can‘t go out at murky night.
　　Misty adj.多雾的, 迷蒙的
　　-- The building is out of sight on such a misty day.
　　
　　Sire n.（古用法）陛下
　　
　　Proceed v.继续进行 （停顿之后的继续）
　　proceed to/with 进行继续某事
　　-- Let‘s proceed to business.
　　-- You must proceed with your work.
　　Proceed from… 从…着手开始继续
　　-- They proceed from lesson one.
　　proceed against sb 起诉某人
　　-- He decided to proceed against his neighbour.
　　
　　Expect vt. <口>(料)想, 认为, 指望
　　Expect vt.要求
　　Alone adj.单独的, 独一无二的 adv.独自地
　　Anxious adj.担忧的, 渴望的, 盼望的
　　Fellow adj.同伴的, 同事的, 同道的
　　Learnt vt.记住
　　Line n.台词
　　Text 课文
　　Which actor read the letter in the end, the aristocrat or the gaoler?
　　Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end, In many ways, this is
　　unfortunate for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same lines night
　　after night.
　　By heart 熟记
　　on end = continuously adv.连续的（位于具体的时间之后）
　　-- He sat there for hours on end.
　　-- We had hardly anything to eat for days on end.
　　on end = upright adv.竖着
　　-- The cat‘s fur stood on end.
　　-- I got a big shock, so my hair stood on end. 我被吓了一跳, 以至于我毛骨悚然。
　　Who = actor 关系代词做主语, 不能省略
　　-- The student who was required to recite the poem 100 times is really poor.
　　
　　One would expect them to know their parts by heart and never have cause to falter.
　　learn/know by heart 把什么牢记在心
　　-- The sentence is so important that you must learn it by heart.
　　heart and soul adv.全心全意的, 全身心的
　　-- We sever the students heart and soul.
　　take heart 鼓起勇气, 恢复信心
　　lose one’s heart 失去信心
　　lose one’s heart to sb = give one’s heart to sb 亲信于某人
　　-- The boy lost his heart to the girl.
　　put one‘s heart into sth 致力于某事
　　-- Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事, 只怕有心人。
　　have one‘s heart in one‘s boots 提心吊胆
　　-- He had his heart in his boots when he went out along at night.
　　
　　Would v. (will 的过去式)
　　1> [表示过去将来时, 用于第二、三人称](第一人称英国用 should, 美国用 would) 将, 会
　　-- He said he would come. 他说他要来。
　　2> [表示意愿]愿; 偏要, 肯
　　-- He would eat nothing. 他不肯吃东西; 他什么也不愿吃。
　　-- I told him not to go, but he would not listen. 我叫他别去, 可他偏不听。
　　-- He would go in spite of our warnings. 他不听我们的劝告, 执意要去。
　　3> [表示过去的习惯动作]常常, 总是
　　-- He would sit for hours doing nothing. 过去他常常 坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
　　-- He would come to see us on Sundays. 过去星期天他经常来看望我们。
　　4> [表示推测]大概, 该是
　　-- I would be about ten when my brother left home. 我哥哥离开家时, 我大概十岁左右。
　　5> [表示某种假设的意志]想要, 愿意
　　-- I could do so if I would. 要是我愿意, 我能够这样做(但我不愿意)。
　　-- If you would do this for me, I should be grateful indeed.
　　若是你愿意为我做这件事, 我将万分感激 。
　　6> [表示虚拟, 假设, 虚 构, 用于虚拟条件句的主句第二、第三人称, 美国也用于第一人称]
　　要, 会, 就会, 将要
　　-- They would be killed if the car went over the cliff. 如果汽车翻在悬崖下, 他们就会丧命。
　　-- They would have been killed if the car had gone over the cliff.
　　如果汽车当时翻到悬崖下, 他们早就丧命了。
　　8> [表示请求或个人想法、看法, 使语气更婉转]请
　　-- Would you kindly show me the way to the station? 劳驾, 请问到车站的路怎么走?
　　-- I would like to speak a few words. 我想讲几句话。
　　-- It would seem that he was right. 看来他倒是对的。
　　9> [表示假想的愿望]但愿, 要是...多好
　　-- Would [I would] that they were safe home again! 愿他们再能平安回家!
　　-- Would that I were young again. 我若能再年青些该多好啊!
　　-- We wish that he would come again. 我们但愿他会再来。
　　-- I would rather you came on Sunday. 希望你星期天来。
　　10> [表示能力](=could) 能
　　-- The barrel would hold 100 litres. 这桶能装一百升。
　　
　　Yet this is not always the case. = This case is not like this.
　　
　　A famous actor in a highly successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat who had
　　been imprisoned in the Bastille for twenty years.
　　
　　In the last act, a gaoler would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand
　　to the prisoner.
　　Whichàletter
　　
　　Even though the noble was expected to read the letter at each performance, he always
　　insisted that it should be written out in full.
　　even though = even if = though/although
　　at each performance = at every performance
　　insist（vt.坚决要求）, suggest（vt.建议）
　　order（vt.命令）, demand（vt.要求）, require（vt.要求）
　　表示建议／要求／希望的动词加that宾语从句时, that从句必须使用should+动词原形的
　　虚拟语气（should可以省略）。
　　in full = fully = completely
　　
　　One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke on his colleague to find out if, after so many
　　performances, he had managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.
　　play a joke/cheek on sb 开某人玩笑 （cheek n.脸颊, 面颊）
　　
　　The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed the aristocrat sitting alone
　　behind bars in his dark cell.
　　on the final act = in the last act
　　behind bars 铁窗之后
　　
　　Just then, the gaoler appeared with the precious letter in his bands.
　　with独立主格结构
　　precious表明这信对演员很重要
　　
　　He entered the cell and presented the letter to the aristocrat.
　　present sth to = hand to = pass to
　　
　　But the copy he gave him had not been written out in full as usual.
　　as usual 如往常一样, 照例
　　
　　It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, anxious to see if his fellow
　　actor had at last learnt his lines.
　　look on 旁观, 观看
　　anxious 形容词短语做伴随状况状语
　　
　　The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds.
　　stare at 凝视, 盯住
　　
　　Then, squinting his eyes, he said: ‘The light is dim. Read the letter to me‘.
　　ing形式做方式状语, 伴随状况状语
　　
　　And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.
　　promptly = immediately
　　
　　Finding that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied: ‘The light is indeed dim, sire, I must get my glasses.‘
　　现在分词做状语
　　
　　With this, he hurried off the stage.
　　hurry off 匆忙离开
　　
　　Much to the aristocrat‘s amusement, the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of
　　glasses and the usual copy of the letter which he proceeded to read to the prisoner.
　　much用来加强语气
　　whichàletter
　　He laughs best who laughs last. 笑到最后的, 才是笑的最好的。
　　
　　Multiple choice questions 多项选择
　　1...A He laughs best, who laughs last.
　　Proverb n.格言, 谚语
　　Suit v.合适, 适合
　　Gist n.要点, 梗概, 要旨
　　Silver n.银, 银子
　　Leap v.跳, 跳越, 跳跃
　　Golden adj.贵重的, 金色的, 金黄色的
　　Hatch vt.孵, 孵出 vi.孵化
　　
　　2...C end with... 以...结束
　　plight n.情况, 状态, 困境
　　imprisonment n.关押
　　audience n.听众, 观众
　　bore vt.令人厌烦
　　
　　3...C
　　improvise v.临时准备
　　pretend vt.假装, 装扮
　　
　　4.C 独立主格结构
　　with a letter to deliver to the prisoner. = with a letter for the prisoner.
　　Deliver vt.递送, 陈述, 释放, 发表
　　
　　5.A
　　insist that + should
　　insist on + 名词/动名词
　　
　　6.C
　　
　　7.C give him a copy （a 表示任意的一份, the表示特指）
　　
　　8.A neither, nor用于句首, 句子倒装
　　
　　9.D trick n.恶作剧, 诡计, 骗局,窍门, 诀窍
　　play a joke on 开玩笑 = play a trick on 捉弄（单方面取乐）
　　have a joke with sb 和某人开玩笑（强调两人共同取乐）
　　-- I‘ve just had a joke with my classmate.
　　
　　10.D
　　finally adv.最后
　　lastly adv.顺序上的最后
　　in the end 强调最终失败的结果（用于句尾或句首）
　　-- He worked harder and harder, but in the end he failed.
　　Conclusive adj.结论性的, 决定性的, 最后的
　　
　　11.B
　　peer vt.凝视或眯眼看专心地、探求地或较为费劲地看
　　peer about 眯着眼睛看
　　-- When you enter a cinema, you often have to peer about...
　　search vt.搜寻, 寻找（-- search for sth）
　　blink vt.眨眼睛, 闪亮
　　stare vt.盯着看（-- stare at）
　　
　　12.C
　　inform表示正式的通知
　　rejoin vt.使再结合, 再加入, 再回答