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[[学习策略]] 我们会选择养老院吗

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发表于 2005-10-6 20:21:56 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
我们会选择养老院吗


  在美国,有很多养老院或养老中心,这种照顾老年人的行当是具有数十亿美元
的产业。每个州都制定了本州的法律来管理这些“老人之家”。有些养老院由基督
教或犹太教组织兴建并管理,其基点不是为了盈利。另一些养老院则是明确的商业
性投资,也就是要为投资者赚钱。对养老院所进行的认真的调查与评估则有助于防
止这类养老院成为一个“仓库”,使病弱的以及被人遗忘的老人在那里只能靠追逐
利润的经营者的怜悯活着。

  虽然多数美国老人更愿意住在自己家里,但住进养老院的老人的比例每年都在
增加。养老院的主要好处在于:如果老人病了,养老院里就有设施来照顾他们。住
进养老院的人也不必打扫房间,一日三餐也是现成的。老人可以随意参加范围广泛
的社交活动:学习小组、工艺品制做、编织与勾织、园艺、烹饪课、电影、游戏、
体育、音乐欣赏和郊游等。

  美国还有退休社区,有的城镇整个都由领养老金的人居住,这种情况在南方尤
为典型,那儿的气候比较温暖,冬天比较温和。比如,位于亚利桑那州凤凰城沙漠
郊区的有四万居民的太阳城,以及位于加州南部的“海豹海滩”,就像小城市,非
本地居民不能随便进入。在那里设有很多保健与娱乐设施供老人们使用。我们发现
位于洛杉矶南郊的“海豹海滩”的确是个很吸引人的地方,那儿有着美丽的草坪地
面、街道和小房子,还有数千名退休老人享受着安稳的老年社区生活。但是这些社
区并不适合每个人的口味:能在安静的阳光明媚的郊区无忧无虑地与同龄人聊天对
某个老人是美梦,而对另一个老人就是恶梦,因为这让他远离了使生活变得生动、
多变、有趣的一切。

  我们正巧很熟悉西雅图北面的“老年社区”,我们的兄弟就住在那里。他的公
寓有一间卧室,一个小厨房和一个很大的客厅。他一日三餐都在社区食堂吃,厨师
是经营这个老年中心的基督教组织聘来的。每个月他付1500美元,包括房租、饭费、
洗衣、打扫房间、水电以及使用娱乐设施(游泳池、健身房等)。

  这种专门的老年社区还提供很多其他类型的住所安排:从一个卧室到三个卧室
的房子,长期停放在移动房屋公园的移动房屋,为在日常生活中(如洗澡、穿衣)
需要帮忙的老人设置的受助生活区;为那些生病或需要医疗的老人设置的医疗中心。
对于付不起常规费用的穷人,则有政府补贴,使他们也可以生活在老年社区中。收
费标准因你不同的选择而异,从受国家补贴的每月264美元的公寓到有专业看护的平
均每天120美元的特殊单元不等。

  我们熟悉的另一个养老院位于我们的家乡(在伊利诺伊州),它是教会组织办
的,对社会开放,只要你付得起费用,就可以入住。这个养老院与西雅图北部的养
老院的最大区别就在于,如果你想住进去,比如说住进一个两居室的单元,就必须
一次付款7万美元,外加每月500美元,而住过5年之后,那7万美元就不会退还给你
了。

  这个养老院的设施与我们的兄弟所住的养老院是很相似的。此外它还有一个老
人可以去的咖啡店,工作人员都是来自当地教堂和其他组织的志愿者。他们制做各
种各样的点心,供老人们喝咖啡或喝茶时享用。

  过去几年中,我们考察了好几个养老院,因为我们的朋友中很多人如今就住在
里面。有一天我们也可能选择某个老年社区安顿下来。但只要我们两人还都健康,
能够在中国工作,我们就觉得教书是度过晚年的一种理想方式。和年轻人在一起,
听他们讲述自己的问题和梦想,力所能及地给予他们帮助,这一切都为我们的生活
增添了极大的乐趣,比如,当我们原来的一个学生打电话来,说她和丈夫想过来与
我们商讨有关欧洲一所大学提供工作奖学金的事时,我们就非常高兴。他们想听听
我们对走这一步的利弊的看法,而他们对这些问题的咨询让我们觉得自己是有用的。
从我们在中国之外生活多年的经历来看,我们觉得能给予他们明智的忠告。依我们
之见,认真思考一生的经验,并辅导、帮助他人、去爱他人,则是老年人真正而且
适宜的有用之处。(完)

  In the US, where caring for the elderly is a 
multi-billion-dollar industry, there are many retirement homes 
or centers.?Each state makes its own laws governing “old 
folks homes”.?Some homes are built and run on a non-profit 
basis by Christian or Jewish organizations. Others are  
straightforward business ventures meant to make money for the 
owners.Conscientious inspection and evaluation help to prevent 
homes from becoming mere warehouses in which weak and 
forgotten old people are at the mercy of profit-seeking 
managers.?

  While most older Americans would prefer to continue living 
in their own homes, the percentage of the elderly who live 
in retirement homes is growing each year.?

  One major advantage of retirement homes is that if people 
become ill, there are facilities for taking care of them 
right in the retirement home.?Residents do not have to do 
their own housekeeping, and prepared meals are available.?

  Residents are also free to take part in a wide range of 
social activities: study groups, arts and crafts, knitting and 
crocheting, flower gardening, cooking classes, movies, games, 
sports, musical entertainment and excursions.?

  America also has retirement communities, entire towns of 
elderly pensioners, typically located in the south, where the 
weather is warmer and the winters milder. Sun City (40,000 
inhabitants) in the desert suburbs of Phoenix, Arizona, and 
Seal Beach in southern California, for example, are like  
small cities with limited access for non-residents and many 
health and recreational facilities for members to use.?We 
actually found Seal Beach, on the southern outskirts of Los 
Angeles, quite appealing, with its beautiful grounds, streets 
and small houses, and thousands of residents enjoying a safe 
elderly community life.  But these communities are not to 
everyone?s tastene retiree?s dream of problem-free  
hobnobbing with his or her agemates in a quiet, sunny suburb 
is another retiree?s nightmare of isolation from everything 
that makes life vivid, unpredictable and interesting.?

  We happen to be most familiar with the “senior  
community” north of Seattle where our brother lives in a  
one-bedroom apartment with a small cooking area and a large 
living room.?He eats all his meals, prepared by cooks hired 
by the Christian organization that runs the center, in a 
communal dining room.  The $1,500 he pays monthly covers  
rent, all meals, laundry, cleaning, utilities, and the use of 
the recreational facilities (a swimming pool, exercise rooms, 
etc.).?

  This particular senior community has many other kinds of 
living arrangements:  one-bedroom to three-bedroom houses, 
mobile homes permanently stationed in a mobile home park, an 
assisted-living facility for people who need help with daily 
activities such as bathing and dressing, a health care center 
for those who are ill or need hospitalization.  For poor 
people who can?t afford the regular fees, there are 
government subsidies available so that they can live also in 
the community.  The prices for these different choices range 
from $264 per month for the subsidized apartments to an 
average of $120 per day in a special unit with skilled 
nursing care.?

  Another retirement home that we are familiar with is in 
our hometown in Illinois.?Built by a church organization, it 
is open to anyone who can afford the fees.  The big 
difference between this home and the one north of Seattle is 
that if you want to live in, say, a two-bedroom apartment, 
you must make a one-time payment of $70,000 - not refundable 
after five years of residence - plus pay a monthly fee of 
$500.?

  The amenities at this home are very similar to those in 
the community where our brother lives, and in addition there 
is a coffee shop where residents can go.  It is staffed by 
volunteers from local churches and other organizations who  
make various treats and serve them to the residents along 
with coffee or tea.?

  We have examined several retirement homes over the years 
because many of our friends now live in them.?One day we 
too may choose to settle in a retirement community, but as 
long as we are both healthy enough to work here in China, 
we feel that teaching is an ideal way for us to spend our 
“retirement” years.  Being with young people, listening to 
their problems and dreams, helping them when we can, all  
adds immense joy to our lives.?When, for example, a former 
student calls and says she and her husband would like to 
come and discuss the offer of a working scholarship at a 
European university, we are delighted. They wanted our input 
on the advantages and drawbacks of a possible move, and  
their queries made us feel useful.  From our perspective of 
years in the outside world, we felt we were able to advise 
them wisely.  In our opinion, reflecting on experience and 
counseling, assisting and loving others are the true and 
proper use of old age.
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