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[[学习策略]] 高考英语作文如何拿高分

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发表于 2007-12-29 23:56:24 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
高考英文写作几乎是所有同学在英语考试中最薄弱的一环。许多同学花了大量的时间和精力,却很难在这一项上有所突破。在迎考倒计时之际,杭州新东方学校高考名师就高考英语作文写作技巧进行了4方面总结:

  一、要善于模仿

  一些同学的办法往往是背一堆范文,然后再到考场上进行一个“剪切”、“粘贴”的工作,真正的模仿重点永远要放在一定的句式结构上,而非个别的词汇。有一个句式说:“…for the simple reason that…”表示某种现象的原因是什么,用在高考写作中,我们就可以拿来解释为什么自行车在中国如此的流行:“The bicycle is very popular in China for the simple reason that…”。然而,很多同学一谈到原因仍然是“…because…”。如果要表示“总是能够”的概念,很多同学提笔就会写can always,但理想的句子应该是用双重否定表示强烈的肯定,用never fail to。

  二、要灵活变通

  在批改过上万份同学们英语作文中,经常能发现一些将中文生硬地翻译成英文的表达法。有一句话叫做“立志如山,行道如水”,写英文作文,一定要有决心把它写好,有信心把意思表达清楚,这是“立志如山”;但关键是遇到问题时要有个灵活的态度,能像流水一样变通解决问题。有个翻译界的故事说:在某大型国际会议的招待会上,一道菜是用鸡蛋做的。与会的客人问翻译:“What is it made of”本来是非常简单的一个问题,结果翻译太紧张,忘了“egg”这个词,但是他急中生智,回答:“It is made of Miss Hen’s son.”这里,就是一个灵活变通的范例。绕道表达,是写作中应该常常运用的一种方法。

  三、要细心观察

  注意英语中一些表达上的习惯。比如在正式文体的写作中,很少用 “it isn’t”这样的略缩形式,而往往是一板一眼地写作 “it is not”。同理,在正式文体中的日期一般不缩写,阿拉伯数字一般会用英文表达(特别长的数字除外)。

  许多同学在写作文时,习惯于把 “since” “because” “for”这样的词放在句首引导原因状语从句。事实上,在我们见到的英语报刊杂志文章中,这样的从句一般都是放在主句之后的。另外, “and”也常常被误放在一句话的开头,表示两个句子之间的并列或递进关系。其实,经常留心地道的英语文章能发现,如果是并列关系,完全可以不用连词;如果是递进关系,用 “furthermore” “what is more”更为普遍。

  四、要心有全局

  英文写作如果结构意识良好,应试写作就简化成为一个填空的过程了,适当地填入观点、素材,文章就自然而然立起来了。

  临考在即,同学们要牢记英语写作的基本要领,特编顺口溜如下:细审题,巧构思,列要点,防遗漏。写日记,同汉语;书信,通知格式要牢记。看清图表细梳理,写人记事按顺序;完稿后查遗漏,整洁干净莫忘记。(通讯员 王娟)

  更多高考信息请访问:新浪高考频道 高考论坛 高考博客圈

  特别说明:由于各方面情况的不断调整与变化,新浪网所提供的所有考试信息仅供参考,敬请考生以权威部门公布的正式信息为准。
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 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-30 00:10:12 | 显示全部楼层
高考英语写作指南




英语写作是高考试题中令学生感觉相对较难的部分,它考查考生综合运用语言能力。很多同学抱怨英语作文是英语学习中最头疼的事情,下笔能言,但却漏洞百出。想要在高考作文中取得高分,做到“内容充实,要点全面;语言丰富,文字优美;行文连贯,过渡自然”是必不可少的。

对于要求考生根据所给的情景和要求写一篇书面材料的题目,同学要注意并非按照“提示”逐句翻译,而是要求考生在充分领会“提示”的前提下,用自己的语言组织成一篇内容充实、语言正确、句子连贯、用词贴切的作文。纵观今年高考英语试题,主要内容是关于记人、叙事、写信和通知或看图作文等内容的记叙文、议论文和应用文。下面就分别根据这几种题材写作的要点做一介绍:

(1)记叙文:要求考生根据试卷中提供的情景,组织语言材料,编写成文。一般说来记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素,写作时要明白清楚地给予表达。记人时,要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。叙事时要描写事情发生与发展的过程,叙述事情发生的前因后果等。

(2)议论文:要求考生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己看法。一般说来议论文文由论点、论据、论证三部分构成。

要做到:

1、论点正确无误。

2、论据可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理,也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。

3、论证合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、分析问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。

(3)英语应用文:主要以写信为主。英文书信由6个部分组成。它们是信头、信内地址、称呼、正文、结束语、签字。格式一定要正确。信的正文和写文章一样,要分段写,每一段有一个中心思想。

高考英语作文主要是以文章内容、语言、逻辑、字数等作为评分依据。从阅卷的情况来看,教师们更多地从整体上把握整篇文章,比较侧重语言文字的运用,但这并不意味着考生要刻意写一些花哨的东西。只要考生把在课本上出现的(尤其是每一个单元的对话)、老师讲过的、加上自己课外获得的知识真实地反映出来就可以了。那么,英语写作应注意什么问题呢?

无论是记叙文、议论文还是应用文,在具体写作过程中我们不妨按如下顺序进行。

首先,确定写作中心。根据这个中心,能够扩展的材料有哪些。要避免写那些与中心内容无关紧要的细节。要注意审题。考生对写什么(作文内容或要点),怎么写(行文和语言)在头脑里面必须有一个清晰的思路。从阅卷的情况来看,很多考生动笔就写,发现错误后,不得不进行修改。由于不准使用涂改液和胶条,致使卷面多处涂改,严重影响卷面整洁,也影响了考生的实际成绩。

其次,围绕中心,列出写作提纲。提纲一定要包含所提供的情景要点,同时要尽量使用自己熟悉的词汇与句型。

第三、根据字数多少,扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题,千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。扩展时要注意短文的字数,要写够100个词语,以避免由于字数不够引起的扣分。考生应该从遣词造句角度多下工夫。从词语上,尽可能运用已经学过的而且比较熟悉的词组、短语或成语;从句式上,力求变换各种句式,如强调句、倒装句、各种从句和固定句型等,长句和短句交错使用;英语和汉语中都有一词多义的现象,写作时同样的意思,考生应该尽可能用多种方法翻译,然后找出一个最佳表达。必须注意的是,考生一定不要片面追求花哨文字,拼凑一些错误百出的英语词句,使自己的成绩大打折扣。只要在确保没有错误的前提下作一些适当发挥即可。

例如: 

  1.He came here at 5 pm.yesterday.(一般句式) 

  2.He did not come here until 5 pm.yesterday.(否定句) 

  3.Not until/till 5 pm.did he come here yesterday.(倒装句) 

  4.It was not until/till 5 pm.that he came here yesterday.(强调句) 

  并且,行文连贯是阅卷教师比较看重的一个方面。为了使文章结构严密,增强说服力和感染力,考生应该在句与句之间,恰当地使用一些过渡性词语。常见的有: 

  表列举:for example、for instance、that is to say,etc 

  表补充:besides、in addition、moreover,etc 

  表对比:on the one hand…on the other hand、in spite of,etc 

  表原因:because of、thanks to、due to、owing to,etc 

  表结果:therefore、thus、as a result、so,etc 

  表结论:to conclude、in a word、in brief、to sum up,etc 

  表转折:however、nevertheless、yet,etc 

  另外,考生很容易出现句与句之间不使用连接词的错误,这是英语写作中的大忌。我们一定要牢记使用连接词。例如: 

  We are good friends and we should help each other.(并列连词) 

  As we are good friends,we should help each other.(从属连词) 

  Being good friemds,we should help each other.(非谓语动词) 

  When he was young,his father died in the civil war,but he didn't lose heart.(从属/转折连词) 

  最后,考生应该把写完的作文阅读两遍,认真检查是否有拼写方面的错误,是否有时态、语态方面的错误,是否存在中式英语等等。

  要想在高考英语"书面表达"部分取得高分,就必须在以下几个方面取得突破:

  第一,内容要点的识别与表达;

  第二,词汇;

  第三,句型结构;

  第四,上下文的衔接。
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 楼主| 发表于 2007-12-30 00:11:02 | 显示全部楼层
高考英语试题书面表达对策与训练

NMET的"书面表达"题,要求考生根据所给情景写一篇幅100个左右单词的面材料;提供的 情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等:

提供的情景的形式有短文、图画、图表、提纲等;所要求的文体 形式包括记叙

文、说明文、各种应用文体和议论文。具体形式有:①便条;②日记;③口头通

知;④书面通知 ;⑤书信;⑥人物、事物、情景故事的描写;⑦看图写话;⑧

议论文等。但主要的是应用文和记叙文两类。

  Ⅱ.解题步骤:

  1.仔细审题。首先要仔细审题,正确无误理解题意,弄清要点。

  2.列要点。审清题意后,把要求表达的各个要点按顺序和层次一一列出。

  3.抓住中心,紧扣要点。作题时须弄清中心和内容要点,既不要遗漏,也不

要增添,以免增加出错率。

  4.语言正确,规范地道。尽量使用你学过的、最熟悉也最有把握的句型、结

构,应尽量避免中国式英语。

  5.书法规范,卷面整洁。书写整洁、干净,使阅卷人看了舒服才能得高分。

  Ⅲ.写作练习:

  A.应用文

  1.便条

  假设你是Frank,星期五你乘火车7:30到达纽约。火车晚了 5分钟。Tom

答应要来车站接你,但你在车站到 处寻找也不见人影, 你在火车上认识了Mr

Taylor,他夫人来车站接他了,他们把你带到Tom的家,但你没有钥 匙,进不

去,你打算跟Taylor夫妇一起去他们家,你留了张便条放在门下,并要Tom打

电话给你,Taylor家的电 话是4611128。当时你看表,已是晚上8时。请按上

述内容写一便条,100词左右。

  2.日记

  请根据下面的提示,用英语写一则80—120字的日记。

  3月12日(星期六)。植树节(Trees Planting Day)。 下午天气晴朗,你

和同学们一起在公路旁边栽树 。有的在挖坑,有的在浇水,你和育英负责运水,

大家干得很起劲,当你去提水时,看见一位老大娘,手里拿 着只蓝子,正在穿

越马路;突然,一辆汽车疾驰而来,老大娘吓呆了;你立即冲上前去,将她拉开,

老大娘和 驾驶员十分感激,问你姓名,你只说:"这是我应该做的。"

  3.书面通知

  请你为学校实验室写实验须知,内容是:爱护公物,仔细观察,把答案写在

黑板上,保持实验室整洁干净 ,实验完后把实验用具放回柜里,别碰撞实验室

里的东西,禁止抽烟,禁止喧哗、吵闹,别把书籍忘在实验室 里。

  词数:100左右。

  4.口头通知

  你们班开英语晚会,要你主持。请你以晚会报幕员的口气用英语写一篇讲话

稿。内容要点如下:

  1)欢迎校长、英语老师和其他班的同学参加。

  2)目的是为了提高、改进英语口语,激发同学们学英语的兴趣。

  3)英语节目有歌曲、短剧、诗歌和相声(cross-talks)等。

  4)晚会以陈英演唱的英语歌曲开始。

  (字数:100—120。可能会用到的词语:主持preside over,激发arouse)

  5.(求职)信

  假设你叫张梅,女,今年18岁,刚高中毕业,你从报上看到苏州太湖度假

区饭店需招几名导游,你想干这 工作,于是给经理史密斯先生写去一封求职信,

内容主要如下:

  1)介绍自己性别、年龄、身高(1.68米)及学历。

  2)表达自己的愿望。

  3)说明自己爱好英语,1997年曾获市英语竞赛(contest)二等奖,自己

还跟电视学会了一点日语。

  4)自小在苏州长大,对苏州、太湖一带的名胜颇为了解。

  5)希望得到经理的回信。

  注意:

  1)你住在苏州市南东风路578号,写信日期为1998年8月8日。

  2)字数100—120,不要逐条翻译。

  6.正式书信

  假如你是李敏,给杭州一中的外语教师刘华小姐写信。你来到新泽西州美国

普林斯顿大学学习已经三个月 了,由于忙于几次重要的考试,一直没有给她写

信。你告诉她,你的同学来自于世界各国,你已经结交了很多 朋友,你们相互

学习,和睦相处。另外,你的英语口语进步很快,能用英语和美国朋友进行交谈。

那里的生活 是很难的,但很有趣,你说已经习惯了这样的生活。最后,表达自

己希望收到刘老师的回信的心愿。

  注意:

  1)请按以上内容写一封100词左右的英文信。

  2)写信日期:1997年10月10日。

  7.应聘

  某中美合资企业招聘涉外人员,假定你是陈玲,现年22岁,前去应聘,美

方经理Mr. Harrison要求你用英 语作一自我介绍,请按下列提示,用英语表达

出来(字数100—120)。要点如下:

  1)中学毕业已三年,目前在一家工厂当秘书。

  2)平时工作虽然很忙,但这些年在业余时间一直自学英语, 现能流利地和

外宾交谈。

  3)去年翻译了一本小说,上月已出版,因此受到极大的鼓舞。

  4)若能录用,不胜荣幸,相信一定会胜任这一工作, 并能把工作做好。

  B.记叙文

  8.看图写文

  下列六幅画描述了某日晚上Tom与他父亲之间发生的事情, 请根据这些图

画用英语写一篇短文。

  注意:1)短文须包括所在图画主要内容,可以适当增加细节。

  2)词数120左右。

  附图{图}

  9.根据你们学校的平面图,用简单的英语向美国客人介绍你校的校容。

  注意:1)叙述要有条理,方位要清楚。

  2)题目为 Our School

  附图{图}

  10.根据下面的四幅图中所示情景,写一篇100字左右的英语短文。

  注意:1)题目为"Why You Stop Me?"

  2)可能用到的词汇:rush hour(上、下班时间), automobiles(汽车),

drunkard(醉汉),traffi c sign(交通牌),exceed(超越)

  附图{图}

  11.通讯报导

  假如你是某一英文报刊的通讯员,请根据下列表格,以 A Big Forest Fire

为题,写一篇简单报道: (字数为100—120) 起火起点 美国西南部森林 起

火时间 一九九二年十一月末 火 因 一青工吸烟 持续时间 三个多星期 参加救

灾人员 数千名消防人员及当地群众 伤亡人数 九人死亡,约八十人受伤 经济损

失 至少两千万美元 影 响 震惊全国

  C.议论文

  12.读后感

  1)阅读下面摘自《中国日报》的一则简讯:

  River Pollution

  Numerous(大量的)dead fish can be found floating on the surface of

the Huaihe River,becau se of serious pollution this summer. In a report,

Anhui Daily called on residents (居民) to he lp protect the river against

pollution.

  2)写一篇100词左右的读后感,短文应包括下列内容:

  (1)《中国日报》所报道的此类河水污染情况,不止淮河有, 不少地区也

存在。

  (2)除河水污染外,是否还有其它形式的污染?(请进行联想)

  (3)人们对环境(environmental)污染的认识如何?

  (4)我国政府对污染问题态度如何?(请自己设想)

  (5)我们自己对此认识如何。(可作合乎逻辑的设想)

  Ⅳ.参考答案1. Friday, 8 P.M.Dear Tom,

  I‘m in New York! My train arrived at 7: 30, just five minutes late.

I waited and loo ked for you at the train station. But I couldn’t find

you. What happened to you? You said you were going to meet me.

  I met a Mr.Taylor on the train. His wife came to the train station.

Mr. and Mrs. Taylo r brought me to your house.But I didn‘t have a key so

I couldn’t get in. I‘m going home with M r. and Mrs.Taylor. Please call

me! Their telephone number is 4611128.

  Frank2.March 12, Saturday

  Fine

  Today is Trees Planting Day. This afternoon my classmates and I went

to plant trees along t he roadside. We were working very hard. Some were

digging; some were watering. Yu Ying and I wer e carrying water. When I

went to carry water, I saw an old woman, with a basket in her hand, c rossing

the road. Just then, a car was coming near quickly and she was too

frightened to move. Immediately I rushed out and pulled her to safety.

The old woman and the driver wer e very thankful and asked what my name

was. I only said "This is just what I should do."3.

  NoticeDos.

  1.Watch your teacher carefully.

  2.Write your answers on the blackboard.

  3.Tidy the lab after experiment.

  4.Put everything in the cupboards after experiment.

  5.Take care of everything in the lab.Don’ts

  1.Don‘t knock into anything in the lab.

  2.Don’t smoke.

  3.Don‘t talk so loudly or quarrel with one another.

  4.Don’t leave your books or anything else in the lab.4.Good evening,

everyone,

  I feel very much honored to preside over the Englishparty. First of

all, let‘s heartil y welcome our headmaster, our English teacher and the

students from other classes to our pa rty.

  As we all know, we are weak in spoken English, for English is not our

native languag e. So we hold this English party in order to improve our

spoken English, and arouse stude nts’ interest in English. We shall have

a lot of wonderful programs, such as songs, play s , poems and cross-talks

and so on. I hope you‘ll enjoy the party. Now let’s begin with an English

song by Chen Ying.

  That‘s all. Thank you!5. 578 South Dongfeng Road

  Suzhou

  August 8, 1998Dear Mr. Smith,

  My name is Zhang Mei, I’m an eighteen-year-old girl. I‘velearned from

today’s newspaper tha t your hotel needs severalguides. I‘d like to do

such a job. Now allow me to introducemyself

  to you.

  I’m 1.68 meters tall, I finished my middleschool only last month. I

like English and wo n the second prize in the English Contest of Suzhou

in 1997. I can also speak a little Japan ese as I‘ve been learning it from

TV.

  By the way, as I was born and live in Suzhou, I know verywell all the

places of interest an d the Taihu Lake in Suzhou.

  Mr. Smith, if you accept me, I will be very happy.

  I’m looking forward to your reply.

  Yours truly,

  Zhang Mei6. Pri nceton University

  New Jersey

  U.S.A.

  October 10, 1997Dear Miss Liu,

  It‘s three months since I came to study here. How I missyou! How are

you these days?

  I’m sorry I haven‘t written to you till now for I’ve beenbusy preparing

for some important examinations. My classmatesare from different

countries of the world, and I have madequite a few friends. We learn from

each other. I‘ve made suchrapid progress in my spoken English that

  I have been able totalk with my American friends in it. Life here is

hard, butit’s very in teresting and I‘ve got used to it.

  I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

  Yours ever

  Li Min7.

  Now please allow me to introduce myself to you.

  My name is Chen Ling. I‘m 22. It’s three years since Igraduated from

a middle school. An d now I‘m working as asecretary in a factory. Though

I am very busy with the work,I have b een keeping on teaching myself English

in my spare time. Now I can talk to foreigners in English without

anydifficulty. Last year I translated a novel from English intoChinese,

and i t was published last month, which encouraged me a lot. I’m sure I

can do my work well and it

  will be my pleasure if I am accepted. Thank you.8.

  Tom was playing football at home and broke a window, which made his

father very angry. Tom w as so frightened that he ran away. It was 7 p.m.

His father sat on the sofa and began to read newspapers, thinking Tom would

come back soon.

  Two hours later, Tom still didn‘t appear and his fatherbecame so

worried that he walked u p and down in the room. Hewent out to look for

Tom everywhere but he couldn’t find him.

  As he returned disappointedly, a ball, coming throughanother window,

hit his head, with

  another window broken. To his surprise and joy, the door opened and

in ran Tom. He took Tom i n his arms without scolding him this time.9.

Our School

  Our school is a beautiful garden. When you come into ourschool, you

can see there is a n avenue(林荫道) leadingstraight to the teaching

building. On both sides of the avenue

  there are tall trees. And on each side of it there is a flower bed,

where various flowers are in bloom.

  You can see an A.V. room on your left. too. To the west of the A.V.

room a three-storied b uilding is hidden among thetall trees. That is our

library. And in the south-east of theschool yard you can find a big hall.

Behind the teachingbuilding is a playground, to the west of

  which there is aswimming pool.

  What do you think about our school? It is a beautiful anda nice place

for study, isn‘t it ?

  Now let me show you aroundour school.10. "Why You Stop Me?"

  It was the rush hour. All kinds of automobiles wererunning along the

street.

  A drunkard with a whisky bottle in his hand was runningacross the

street. A traffic polic eman directing traffic wasshocked to see that

crazy man. "The man is in real danger! "he thou ght. Without any hesitation

he rushed up to the drunkard and stopped him.

  The man was very angry with the policeman. He pointed to a traffic

sign on the street. It ws the speed limit-30kilometers per hour!

  "Why...why you stopped me? " the man shouted in a veryangry voice.

"I didn’t break any tr affic rules.I didn‘t exceed the speed limit."11.

A Big Forest Fire.

  A big fire broke out in the forest in the southwest of the United States

late in Novembe r, 1992. The fire was caused by a young worker smoking

carelessly in the forest.Thousandsof fir emen and local people fought

bravely against the fireuntil it was completely put out. The fir e lasted

over threeweeks causing a damage of at least twenty million dollars.About

eighty men were injured and nine were killed in thefire. The whole nation

was shocked at the news and many people are thinking what lesson we should

draw from the fire.12.

  River pollution, as China Daily reports, exists not only in the Huaihe

River but also in

  many other places of our country.

  Besides river pollution, there are also air pollution,noise pollution

and so on. Al l kinds of environmentalpollution do great harm to human

beings. Now more and morepeople have come to realize how serious this

problem is.

  Our government has been trying its best to take measuresand call on

people to fight again st pollution. Though we’vedone lots of work, we still

have a long way to go. But we‘resure t hat we’ll win the battle against

pollution in the end.
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