常用解剖术语

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•superior[上]
•inferior[下]
•Cranial[头侧]
•Caudal[尾侧]
•anterior[前]
•posterior[后]
•ventral[腹侧]
•dorsal[背侧]
•medial[内侧]
•lateral[外侧]
•internal[内]
•external[外]
•superficial[浅]
•profundal[深]
•proximal[近侧]
•distal[远侧]
•ulnar[尺侧]
•radial[桡侧]
•tibial[胫侧]
•fibular[腓侧]
2、运动系统[locomotor (kinetic) system]
•vertebrae[椎骨]
•cervical vevtebrae[颈椎]
•thoracic vertebrae[胸椎]
•lumbar vertebrae[腰椎]
•sacrum[骶骨]
•sternum[胸骨]
•rib[肋骨]
•thoracic cage[胸廓]
•skull[颅]
•frontal bone[额骨]
•parietal bone[顶骨]
•occipital bone[枕骨]
•temporal bone[颞骨]
•sphenoid bone[蝶骨]
•ethmoid bone[筛骨]
•mandible (submaxilla)[下颌骨]
•maxilla (supermaxilla)[上颌骨]
•nasal bone[鼻骨]
•coronal (sagital, lambdoid) suture [冠状（矢状，人字）缝]
•orbit[眶]
•clavicle[锁骨]
•scapula (shoulder blade)[肩胛骨]
•sternum (breast bone)[胸骨]
•manubrium sterni (presternum)[胸骨柄]
•midsternum[胸骨体]
•xiphoid[剑突]
•humerus[肱骨]
•radius[桡骨]
•ulna[尺骨]
•carpal bone[腕骨]
•metacarpal bone [掌骨]
•phalanges[指(趾)骨]
•hip bone[髋骨]
•ilium[髂骨]
•ischium [坐骨]
•pubis[耻骨]
•femur [股骨]
•patella[髌骨]
•tibia[胫骨]
•fibula [腓骨]
•articulation[关节]
•ligament[韧带]
•flexion[屈]
•extension[伸]
•adduction[收]
•abduction[展]
•medial rotation[旋内]
•lateral rotation[旋外]
•pronation[旋前]
•supination[旋后]
•circumductoin[环转]
•vertebral column[脊柱]
•intervertebral disc[椎间盘]
•temporal-mandibular joint[颞下颌关节]
•shoulder joint[肩关节]
•elbow joint[肘关节]
•radiocarpal joint[肩关节]
•radiocarpal joint[桡腕关节]
•pelvis[骨盆]
•hip joint[髋关节]
•knee joint[膝关节]
•ankle joint[踝关节]
•muscle [肌肉]
•tendon[肌腱]
•fascia[筋膜]
•tendinous sheath[腱鞘]
•trapezius[斜方肌]
•latissimus dorsi[背阔肌]
•sternocleidomastoid[胸锁乳突的]
•scalenus [斜角肌]
•pectoralis major[胸大肌]
•intercostales[肋间肌]
•diaphragm[膈肌]
•inguinal canal[腹股沟管]
•masseter[咬肌]
•temporalis[颞肌]
•deltoid[三角肌]
•biceps brachii[肱二头肌]
•triceps brachii[肱三头肌]
•axillary fossa [腑窝]
•gluteus maximus[臀大肌]
•piriformis[梨状肌]
•sartorius[缝匠肌]
•quadriceps femoris[股四头肌]
•triceps surae[小腿三头肌]
•femoral triangle[股三角]
3、内脏[Viscera]
•viscera[内脏]
•oral cavity[口腔]
•lip[唇]
•cheek[颊]
•palate[腭]
•tooth[牙]
•dentes[牙]
•tongue[舌]
•parotid gland[腮腺]
•pharynx[咽]
•esophagus[食管]
•stomach gaster[胃]
•duodenum[十二指肠]
•jejunum[空肠]
•ileum [回肠]
•large intestine[大肠]
•caecum[盲肠]
•vermiform (appendix)[阑尾]
•colon[结肠]
•rectum[直肠]
•anal canal[肛管]
•dentate line[齿状线]
•anus[肛门]
•liver (hepar)[肝]
•porta hepatis[肝门]
•gallblader[胆囊]
•pancreas[胰]
•nose[鼻]
•nasal cavity[鼻腔]
•paranasal sinus[鼻旁窦]
•larynx[喉]
•laryngeal cavity[喉腔]
•vocal cord[声带]
•trachea[气管]
•bronchi[支气管]
•lung [肺]
•pulmonary[肺的]
•pleura[胸膜]
•mediastinum[纵隔]
•kidney[肾]
•renal pilvis[肾盂]
•ureter[输尿管]
•urinary bladder[膀胱]
•urethra[尿道]
•testis[睾丸]
•epididymis[附睾]
•ductus deferens[输精管]
•spermatic cord[精索]
•prostate[前列腺]
•scrotum[阴囊]
•penis[阴茎]
•ovary[卵巢]
•uterine tube[输卵管]
•uterus[子宫]
•vagina[阴道]
•clitoris[阴蒂]
•mamma (breast)[乳房]
•mammary papilla (nipple)[乳头]
•perineum[会阴]
•pelvic diaphragm[盆膈]
•peritoneum[腹膜]
•omentum[网膜]
4、心血管系统[Cardiovascular system]
•heart[心]
•artery[动脉]
•vein[静脉]
•capillary[毛细血管]
•atrium[心房]
•ventricle[心室]
•tricuspid valve[三尖瓣]
•bicuspid valve[二尖瓣]
•aortic valve[主动脉瓣]
•pulmonary valve[肺动脉瓣]
•sinuatrial node[窦房结]
•atrioventricular node[房室结]
•atrioventricular bundle[房室束]
•right/left bundle branch[右/左束支]
•coronary artery[冠状动脉]
•coronary sinus[冠状窦]
•pericardium[心包]
•aorta[主动脉]
•innominate artery[无名动脉(头臂干)]
•common carotid artery[颈总动脉]
•carotid sinus [颈动脉窦]
•internal(external) carotid artery[颈内(外)动脉]
•facial artery[面动脉]
•subclavian artery[锁骨下动脉]
•mesenteric artery[肠系膜动脉]
•common iliac artery[髂总动脉]
•popliteal artery [腘动脉]
•vena cava [腔静脉]
•internal jugular vein[颈内静脉]
•cephalic vein[头静脉]
•basilic vein[贵要静脉]
•saphenous vein[隐静脉]
•lymphatic duct[淋巴导管]
•thoracic duct[胸导管]
•lymph node[淋巴结]
•spleen[脾]
•thymus[胸腺]
5、感觉器[sense organs]
•sensory organ[感觉器]
•receptor[感受器]
•visual organ[视器]
•eyeball [眼球]
•cornea[角膜]
•sclera[巩膜]
•choroid [脉络膜]
•ciliary body[睫状体]
•iris[虹膜]
•retina[视网膜]
•optic disc[视神经盘]
•macula lutea[黄斑]
•aqueous humor[房水]
•lens[晶状体]
•vitreous body[玻璃体]
•eyelid [眼睑]
•conjunctiva[结膜]
•lacrimal gland[泪腺]
•vestibulocochlear organ[前庭蜗器]
•ear( auris) [耳]
•auricle[耳廓]
•acoustic meatus[耳道]
•tympanic cavity[鼓室]
•tympanic membrane[鼓膜]
•pharyngotympanic tube [咽鼓管]
•bony(membranous) labyrinth[骨(膜)迷路]
•vestibule [前庭]
•semicircular canal[半规管]
•cochlea[耳蜗]
•cochlear duct[蜗管]
•olfactory organ[嗅器]
•gustatory organ[味器]
•taste bud[味蕾]
•skin[皮肤]
6、神经系统[Nervous system]
•central nervous system[中枢神经系统]
•peripheral nervous system[周围神经系统]
•visceral nerve[内脏神经]
•afferent nerve[传入神经]
•efferent nerve[传出神经]
•neuron[神经元]
•axon [轴突]
•dendrite[树突]
•glia [神经胶质]
•gray matter [灰质]
•white matter[白质]
•cortex[皮质]
•madulla[髓质]
•nucleus[神经质]
•ganglion[神经节]
•fasciculus[神经束]
•nerve[神经]
•spinal nerve[脊神经]
•cervical plexus[颈丛]
•brachial plexus[臂丛]
•lumbar plexus[腰丛]
•sacral plexus [骶丛]
•phrenic nerve[膈神经]
•median nerve[正中神经]
•ulnar nerve[尺神经]
•radial nerve[桡神经]
•femoral nerve[股神经]
•ischiatic nerve[坐骨神经]
•common peroneal nerve[腓总神经]
•cranial nerve[颅(脑)神经]
•olfactory nerve[嗅神经]
•optic nerve[视神经]
•oculomotor nerve[动眼神经]
•trochlear nerve[滑车神经]
•trigeminal verve[三叉神经]
•abducent nerve[展神经]
•facial nerve[面神经]
•vestibulocochlear nerve[前庭蜗神经]
•glossopharyngeal nerve[舌咽神经]
•vagus nerve[迷走神经]
•accessary nerve[副神经]
•hypoglossal nerve[舌下神经]
•autonomic nervous system[自主神经]
•vegetative nervous system[植物神经]
•sympathetic nerve[交感神经]
•parasympathetic nerve[副交感神经]
•spinal cord[脊髓]
•encephalon (brain)[脑]
•brain stem[脑干]
•medulla oblongata[延髓]
•pons [脑桥]
•mesencephalon[中脑]
•midbrain[中脑]
•cerebellum[小脑]
•diencephalon[间脑]
•thalamus[丘脑]
•hypothalamus[下丘脑]
•hypophysis[垂体]
•telencephalon[端脑]
•cerebrum[大脑]
•cerebral cortex[大脑皮质]
•corpus striatum[纹状体]
•internal capsule[内囊]
•spinothalamic tract[皮质脊髓束]
•medial lemniscus[内侧丘系]
•lateral lemniscus[外侧丘系]
•spinal lemniscus[脊髓丘系]
•trigeminal lemniscus[三叉丘系]
7、体表标记[Anatomic marks]
•naso-labial groove[鼻唇沟]
•suprasternal fossa[胸骨上窝]
•supraclavicular fossa[锁骨上窝]
•infraclavicular fossa[锁骨下窝]
•armpit (axillary fossa)[腋窝]
•midsternal (midian) line[胸骨中线（正中线）]
•anterior midian line[前正中线]
•parasternal line[胸骨旁线]
•midclavicular line[锁骨中线]
•mammillary (nipple, milk) line[乳线]
•posterior (mid-, anterior) axillary line[腋后（中，前）线]
•scapular line[肩胛线]
•midspinal line[脊柱中线]
•dorsomedian line[后正中线]
•linea paravertebralis [脊椎旁线]
•the left (right) upper abdomen (quadrant)[左（右）上腹]
•epigastrium[上腹部]
•the middle abdomen[中腹部]
•the lower abdomen[下腹部]
•linea pararectalis[腹直肌旁线]
•anterior superior spine[髂前上棘]
•symphysis pubis (symphysion)[耻骨联合]
•ischial tuberosity[坐骨结节]
•groin (inguen)[腹股沟]
•popliteal fossa[腘窝]
•upper extremity(limb)[上肢]
•lower extremity(limb)[下肢]
•posterior superior spine[髂后上嵴]
•anterior (dorsal) part of chest(前（后）胸部)
•scapular region[肩胛区]
•anterior (posterior) fontanelle[前（后）囱]