睡眠呼吸暂停和心率变异性增高有关

Link between sleep apnea and increased heart rate variability
睡眠呼吸暂停和心率变异性增高的相关性

A sleep-related breathing disorder, common in heart failure, increases one's heart rate variability.
在心力衰竭中很常见的睡眠呼吸障碍，会增高患者的心率变异性。

Further, central sleep apnea (CSA) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) produce different patterns of heart rate variability, which are likely to reflect the different pathophysiological mechanisms involved, according to a study published in the November 1 issue of the journal SLEEP.
根据发表在11月一期《睡眠》杂志的研究结果，更进一步地说，中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停(CSA)和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)产生不同类型的心率变异性，而心率变异性很可能可以反映有关的不同病理生理学机制。

Matthew T. Naughton, MD, of Alfred Hospital and Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, evaluated 21 patients with heart failure who were referred for polysomnography for investigation of a sleep-related breathing disorder. For each subject, two conditions were examined: a sleep-related breathing disorder and stable breathing.
澳大利亚墨尔本Monash大学阿尔佛莱德医院的Matthew T. Naughton博士评估了21名患有心力衰竭的患者，这些患者接受了多导睡眠监测，以研究患者的睡眠呼吸障碍。对于同一个受检者，两种条件下的检查都进行了：一种是睡眠呼吸障碍状态，还有稳定呼吸状态。

There were three main findings of this study:
这个研究有三个主要发现：
1.Within the subjects, the transition from stable breathing to a sleep-related breathing disorder was associated with an increase in heart rate variability, as well as an increase in the low frequency/high frequency ratio.
1.对于同一受检者，从稳定呼吸状态到睡眠呼吸障碍状态的转变与心率变异性增高有关，即心率降低/心率增高的比率升高。
2.No difference in heart rate variability was found from samples taken from the beginning and end of the sleep period and, importantly, no evidence that cardiac autonomic regulation altered during the night independent of a sleep-related breathing disorder.
2.未发现睡眠期开始和结束时样本的心率变异性有什么不同，未发现与睡眠呼吸障碍无关的夜晚心脏自主调节改变。
3.OSA and CSA produced different patterns of heart rate variability, with OSA showing increased absolute high frequency power and reduced very low frequency percentage compared with CSA.
3.OSA和CSA产生不同类型的心率变异性，OSA表现为增加高频带(HF)的能力以及降低极低频带(VLF)的比例分数，而CSA则与此相反。

\"Heart rate patterns are influenced enormously by breathing patterns,\" said Dr. Naughton. \"In heart failure patients during sleep, this information might be able to determine the presence or absence and type of sleep apnea. This could be useful in determining the stability of heart failure (and therefore predict a decline in heart function and signal when additional anti-heart failure therapies are required) and also signal when alternative therapies may be required (such as those directed towards treating OSA). Further work is required in this field.\"
“心脏节律模式受呼吸模式影响巨大”，Naughton博士说，“对睡眠中的心力衰竭病人，这可能就决定了是否出现以及会出现哪型的呼吸暂停。这有利于明确心力衰竭的稳定性(继而可以预测心脏功能的下降以及抗心衰治疗药物需要加量的信号)，也有利于明确需要改变疗法的信号(比如直接对OSA进行治疗)。这方面有待进一步研究。”

OSA is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes one's body to stop breathing during sleep. OSA occurs when the tissue in the back of the throat collapses and blocks the airway, preventing air from getting into the lungs.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种引起睡眠时呼吸停止的睡眠呼吸障碍。OSA发生时咽喉部后方组织塌陷并阻塞气道，阻止空气进入肺部。

CSA is a breathing disorder that causes one's body to decrease or stop the effort of breathing during sleep. This occurs in an off-and-on cycle. It is a result of a problem in the brain or heart. It is different from OSA because the problem is not caused by a blockage of the airway.
中枢性性睡眠呼吸暂停（CSA）是一种引起睡眠时呼吸功能下降或呼吸停止的睡眠呼吸障碍。他的发生与“开-关”机制有关。CSA会产生心脏和大脑的其他疾病。CSA的问题不在于阻塞气道，因此与OSA有区别。

Scientific evidence shows that continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the best treatment for sleep apnea. CPAP provides a steady stream of pressurized air to patients through a mask that they wear during sleep. This airflow keeps the airway open, preventing the pauses in breathing that characterize sleep apnea and restoring normal oxygen levels. CPAP users often express dramatic improvements in how they feel. They are more alert, have more energy and are able to perform at higher levels for longer periods of time.
科学研究显示，持续气道正压通气(CAPA)是睡眠呼吸暂停的最佳治疗方法。睡眠时戴上面罩，CAPA就通过面罩给患者提供稳定的加压气流。这种气流可以保持气道通畅，预防以睡眠呼吸暂停为特征的呼吸停止，也保持正常的氧气水平。使用CAPA治疗的患者常常说他们自我感觉改善十分明显。他们变得更加机警，更加有力量，可以在很高的水平表演很长一段时间。