This Day In History （请勿跟贴，谢谢！）

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May 04


1996:
José María Aznar approved as prime minister of Spain.

José María Aznar of the conservative Popular Party became prime minister of Spain this day in 1996 and served until 2004, overseeing an improving economy while facing growing terrorism by ETA and Islamic extremists.

1942:
During World War II, U.S. air and naval fleets turned back a Japanese invasion force heading for the strategic Port Moresby, New Guinea, in the Battle of the Coral Sea.

1919:
In what later became known as the May Fourth Movement, patriotic Chinese students protested the decision of the Paris Peace Conference that Japan retain defeated Germany's rights and possessions in Shantung (Shandong).

1886:
Violence between police and labour protesters erupted in the Haymarket Riot in Chicago, dramatizing the labour movement's struggle for recognition in the United States.

1863:
The Battle of Chancellorsville in the American Civil War, a bloody assault by the Union army in Virginia that failed to disperse the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, continued.

1814:
Napoleon landed at the island of Elba to serve the first of his two exiles.

1770:
Baron Fran鏾is Gérard, a French Neoclassical painter best known for his portraits of celebrated European personalities, particularly the leading figures of the French First Empire and Restoration periods, was born in Rome.

frankog

好多都看不懂

y10miu

对研究历史的同好有益

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May 4，2008 ~ May 3，2009





本贴结束！

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May 3


1979:
Margaret Thatcher elected prime minister of Britain.

On this day in 1979, Margaret Thatcher of the Conservative Party was elected British prime minister, becoming the first woman in Europe to hold that post and later the longest continuously serving British premier since 1827.

1996:
At the first formal review of the 1980 Geneva Convention on Inhumane Weapons, the signatories agreed to curtail the use of land mines over the next decade.

1937:
American author Margaret Mitchell won a Pulitzer Prize for her enormously popular novel Gone with the Wind, which was made into an Academy Award-winning motion picture two years later.

1903:
American singer, actor, and songwriter Bing Crosby was born in Tacoma, Wash.

1815:
The Congress Kingdom of Poland was created by the Congress of Vienna as part of the political settlement at the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

1494:
European explorer Christopher Columbus encountered the island of Jamaica, which he named Santiago.

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May 2


1939:
Lou Gehrig's 2,130-game streak ended.

On this day in 1939, New York Yankee great Lou Gehrig, the “Iron Horse” of American baseball, ended his streak of consecutive games played (2,130), setting a record that stood until 1995, when it was broken by Cal Ripken, Jr.

1935:
The peasants of Luzon, Philippines, rose up in arms against oppressive land tenancy laws.

1892:
Manfred, Freiherr (baron) von Richthofen (the “Red Baron”), Germany's top aviator and leading ace in World War I, was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland).

1889:
Menilek II of Ethiopia signed the Treaty of Wichale with Italy, granting it territory in northern Ethiopia in exchange for money and weaponry.

1803:
The United States purchased the Louisiana Territory from France at a rate of less than three cents per acre for 828,000 square miles (2,144,520 square km), which soon proved to be a tremendous bargain.

1519:
Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci died in Cloux, France.

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May 1


1889:
May Day founded.

On this day in 1889, May Day—traditionally a celebration of the return of spring, marked by dancing around a Maypole—was first observed as a labour holiday, designated as such by the International Socialist Congress.

2004:
The European Union was enlarged to include the new member states of Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

1961:
The first major airplane hijacking within the United States occurred when a man forced a commercial airliner en route from Miami to Key West, Florida, to detour to Cuba.

1898:
The Battle of Manila Bay ended in the defeat of the Spanish Pacific fleet by the U.S. Navy, resulting in the fall of the Philippines and contributing to the final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American War.

1851:
The Great Exhibition of 1851 opened in London in the Crystal Palace, which was designed by Sir Joseph Paxton.

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April 30


1789:
George Washington inaugurated.

George Washington, the first president of the United States, was inaugurated this day in 1789 in Federal Hall in New York City, addressing his constituency on “the proceedings of a new and free government.”

1980:
Queen Beatrix ascended the throne of The Netherlands.

1975:
The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon (Ho Chi Minh City) fell to North Vietnamese troops during the Vietnam War.

1945:
German dictator Adolf Hitler and his wife committed suicide in a bunker in Berlin.

1939:
The National Broadcasting Company made the first public television broadcast in the United States, at the New York World's Fair.

1900:
American railroad engineer Casey Jones, later made famous in song, died in a train wreck.

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April 29


1913:
Zipper patented.

Swedish Canadian Gideon Sundback received a U.S. patent this day in 1913 for the modern “hookless” zipper, which improved on the clasp locker exhibited by Whitcomb Judson at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

1992:
Riots erupted in Los Angeles in response to the verdict of a highly publicized trial of four white Los Angeles police officers who were acquitted of charges related to the 1991 beating of Rodney King, a black motorist who had resisted arrest.

1945:
The U.S. Seventh Army liberated tens of thousands of inmates at the Nazi concentration camp in Dachau, Germany.

1936:
Orchestral conductor Zubin Mehta was born in Bombay (Mumbai), India.

1916:
About 10,000 British troops surrendered to Ottoman Turks at Al-Kūt, Iraq, following a five-month siege during World War I.

1899:
American composer, bandleader, and pianist Duke Ellington, among the most significant figures in jazz history, was born.

1429:
French national heroine Joan of Arc and her troops entered the besieged city of Orléans during the Hundred Years' War.

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April 28


1945:
Mussolini executed.

Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, “Il Duce,” who, after a series of military misadventures, became unpopular even among his fellow Fascists, was captured while trying to flee Italy and was executed on this day in 1945.

2004:
American television network CBS broadcast photographs depicting harsh treatment of Iraqi inmates at the Abu Ghraib prison in U.S.-occupied Iraq, initiating a national debate on torture and the Geneva Conventions.

1969:
French leader Charles de Gaulle resigned his presidency.

1952:
The Allied occupation of Japan came to an end after seven years of rapid social and economic change following the country's surrender in World War II.

1878:
American actor Lionel Barrymore was born in Philadelphia.

1789:
Captain William Bligh of the British ship Bounty and 18 of his men were set adrift by mutinous sailors led by the master's mate Fletcher Christian.

1758:
James Monroe, who was the fifth president of the United States (1817–25) and who asserted a cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Monroe Doctrine, was born.

1442:
King Edward IV of England was born in Rouen, France.

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April 27


1937:
Bombing of Guernica.

During the Spanish Civil War, the Condor Legion of the German air force, supporting the Nationalists, bombed the Basque city of Guernica on this day in 1937, an event memorialized in Pablo Picasso's painting Guernica.

1961:
Sierra Leone achieved independence within the British Commonwealth.

1960:
After several years as an autonomous republic in the French Union, the West African country of Togo became independent.

1828:
The London Zoo opened in Regent's Park.

1791:
Samuel F.B. Morse, an American painter and the inventor of an electric telegraph and the Morse Code, was born in Charlestown, Massachusetts.

1521:
Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan was killed during a fight with inhabitants of Mactan Island, Philippines.

1296:
King Edward I of England, seeking suzerainty over the Scots, invaded Scotland and removed the coronation stone of Scone to Westminster, England.

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April 26


1986:
Chernobyl nuclear accident.

A devastating environmental catastrophe occurred early this morning in 1986 when an explosion and fire at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine released large amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere.

1964:
The United Republic of Tanzania was founded with the merger of Tanganyika and Zanzibar, Julius Nyerere serving as president.

1865:
Twelve days after assassinating U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth was killed at a Virginia farm either by a Federal soldier or by his own hand.

1785:
John James Audubon, an American ornithologist who became well known for his drawings and paintings of North American birds, was born in Les Cayes, Saint-Domingue, West Indies (now in Haiti).

1768:
The prestigious English Royal Academy of Arts, led by its first president, Sir Joshua Reynolds, hosted its first art opening.

1607:
The first permanent English settlers in North America landed at Cape Henry, Chesapeake Bay, and they later formed Jamestown.

1478:
The Pazzi family of Florence led an unsuccessful plot to overthrow the ruling Medici family.

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April 25


1990:
Hubble Space Telescope sent into orbit.

The Hubble Space Telescope, a sophisticated optical observatory built in the United States under the supervision of NASA, was placed into operation this day in 1990 by the crew of the space shuttle Discovery.

1926:
Giacomo Puccini's uncompleted opera Turandot was performed posthumously at La Scala under the direction of Arturo Toscanini.

1915:
The Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) landed at Gallipoli in western Turkey during the Dardanelles Campaign of World War I.

1874:
Guglielmo Marconi, an Italian physicist who invented a successful system of radio telegraphy (1896) and received the Nobel Prize for Physics (1909), was born.

1809:
The Treaty of Amritsar, which settled Indo-Sikh relations for a generation, was concluded between Charles T. Metcalfe, representing the British East India Company, and Ranjit Singh, head of the Sikh kingdom of Punjab.

1792:
The first guillotine was erected, on the Place de Grève in Paris, to execute a highwayman.

1781:
Petersburg, Virginia, was captured by British troops under William Phillips and Benedict Arnold during the American Revolution.

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April 24


2005:
Installation of Pope Benedict XVI.

On this day in 2005, Pope Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger), successor to John Paul II, formally assumed his position as the new leader of the Roman Catholic Church during a mass in St. Peter's Square in Vatican City.

2003:
Officials of North Korea informed U.S. diplomats that it had nuclear weapons and was making bomb-grade plutonium.

1967:
Soviet cosmonaut Vladimir Komarov became the first man to die during a space mission when his spacecraft became entangled in its parachute during an attempted landing.

1949:
Communist forces occupied the Chinese capital, Nanking (Nanjing), after crossing the Yangtze River virtually unopposed by adherents to the Nationalist government under President Chiang Kai-shek.

1916:
Members of the Irish Volunteers and the Irish Citizen Army seized strategic points in Dublin during the Easter Rising, which heralded the end of British power in Ireland.

1904:
Painter Willem de Kooning, one of the leading exponents of Abstract Expressionism, was born in Rotterdam, Netherlands.

1898:
Spain declared war on the United States.

1877:
War broke out between Russia and the Ottoman Empire at the conclusion of the Serbo-Turkish War, resulting in independence for Serbia and Montenegro.

1792:
French army officer Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle composed "La Marseillaise," the French national anthem.

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April 23


1993:
Voting for Eritrea's independence .

On this day in 1993, after a long history of foreign rule and decades of war, the small East African country of Eritrea began three days of voting on a referendum to make official its independence from Ethiopia.

1998:
James Earl Ray, convicted assassin of Martin Luther King, Jr., died in prison in Nashville, Tennessee.

1906:
Russian Tsar Nicholas II promulgated the Fundamental Laws, which marked the end of unlimited autocracy but fell short of the reforms promised in the October Manifesto.

1858:
German physicist Max Planck, who originated quantum theory, was born in Kiel.

1791:
James Buchanan, the 15th U.S. president, was born near Mercersburg, Pennsylvania.

1016:
Upon the death of King Ethelred II of England, his son claimed the throne as Edmund II.

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April 22


1970:
First Earth Day.

First celebrated on this day in 1970 in the U.S., Earth Day—founded by American politician and conservationist Gaylord Anton Nelson—helped spark the environmental movement and quickly grew into an international event.

1994:
Former U.S. president Richard M. Nixon died.

1915:
During World War I, German forces introduced the systematized use of chemical warfare when they released chlorine gas along a 4-mile (6-km) front at the Second Battle of Ypres.

1889:
At noon, by federal decree, white settlers were allowed into Indian Territory, sparking a land rush involving tens of thousands in what became Oklahoma Territory.
1870:
Vladimir Ilich Lenin—who founded the Bolshevik political faction (1912–17), inspired and led the Bolshevik Revolution (1917), headed (1917–24) the Soviet state, and founded the organization known as the Comintern (Communist International)—was born.

1724:
German philosopher Immanuel Kant was born in K鰊igsberg, Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia).

1500:
Portuguese explorer Pedro 羖vares Cabral, while on a voyage tracing Vasco da Gama's 1497–99 water route to India, sighted the mainland of South America near the present-day city of P魊to Seguro, Brazil.

1370:
Construction began on the Bastille, the medieval fortress that came to symbolize French despotism.

1073:
Gregory VII (later canonized) was elected by acclamation to succeed Alexander II as pope.

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April 21


2002:
French elections held.

French President Jacques Chirac faced a reelection challenge on this day in 2002 from extremist Jean-Marie Le Pen in the first round of presidential voting but two weeks later handily defeated him to win a second term.

1918:
Manfred, Freiherr (baron) von Richthofen, Germany's top flying ace in World War I, was shot down and killed during a battle near Amiens, France.

1836:
General Sam Houston led 800 Texans to victory over a Mexican army of 1,500 under General Antonio López de Santa Anna in the Battle of San Jacinto, ensuring the Texans' independence from Mexico.

1830:
James Starley, an inventor and the father of the bicycle industry, was born in Albourne, Sussex, England.

1800:
French forces under General Jean-Baptiste Kléber recaptured Cairo and initiated the brief French occupation of Egypt.

1782:
Friedrich Froebel, German educational reformer and the founder of kindergarten, was born in Oberweissbach, Thuringia.

1526:
Bābur, the ruler of Kabul, led Mughal forces in victory against Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī, establishing the Mughal dynasty in India.

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April 20


1968:
Trudeau sworn in as prime minister of Canada.

Pierre Elliott Trudeau of the Liberal Party, who became prime minister of Canada this day in 1968, discouraged the French separatist movement, oversaw the formation of a new constitution, and established relations with China.

1999:
Two disgruntled and heavily armed students entered Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, and murdered 13 people before killing themselves.

1924:
Finalizing the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Turkey's Grand National Assembly voted to adopt a full republican constitution, with General Mustafa Kemal, who had first proclaimed the Turkish republic about six months earlier, becoming the first president of the republic.

1920:
U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens was born in Chicago.

1919:
In an ongoing dispute over the possession of Vilnius, Polish forces drove out Russia's Red Army—which had previously ousted the newly established Lithuanian government—and occupied the city.

1871:
Japan's first government-operated postal service opened between Tokyo and Ōsaka.

1840:
French Symbolist painter Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux.

1808:
Napoleon III, president of the Second Republic (1850–52) and emperor of France (1852–70), was born in Paris.

1653:
England's Rump Parliament was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell and later replaced by the nominated Barebones Parliament, which was dissolved in the same year, leading to the declaration of the Protectorate.

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April 19


1775:
American Revolution begun.

Launched this day in 1775 with the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the American Revolution was an effort by 13 British colonies in North America (with help from France, Spain, and the Netherlands) to win their independence.

1995:
In what was the worst act of terrorism in U.S. history up to that time, a truck bomb nearly destroyed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, killing 168 and injuring more than 500 people.

1993:
After a 51-day standoff with U.S. federal agents, some 80 members of the millennialist Branch Davidian religious group perished in a fire at their compound near Waco, Texas.

1975:
Aryabhata, the first unmanned Earth satellite built by India, was launched from the Soviet Union by a Russian-made rocket.

1956:
American actress Grace Kelly married Prince Rainier of Monaco, becoming Princess Grace.

1943:
The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, an act of resistance by Polish Jews under Nazi occupation, began this day and was quelled four weeks later, on May 16.

1772:
English economist David Ricardo, who gave systematized and classical form to the rising social science of economics in the 19th century, is believed to have been born on or about this day.

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April 18


1775:
The midnight ride of Paul Revere.

Paul Revere, a renowned silversmith, is better remembered as a folk hero of the American Revolution who this night in 1775 made a dramatic ride on horseback to warn Boston-area residents of an imminent British attack.

2002:
After 29 years in exile, the former king of Afghanistan, Mohammad Zahir Shah, returned to the capital city of Kabul in the aftermath of the U.S. invasion of the country and toppling of the Taliban government.

1980:
Zimbabwe achieved its independence from the United Kingdom.

1945:
During the U.S. invasion of the Japanese island of Okinawa in World War II, American war correspondent Ernie Pyle was killed on nearby Ie Island by Japanese gunfire.

1906:
San Francisco was rocked by an earthquake caused by slippage along the San Andreas Fault.

1857:
American defense lawyer, public speaker, debater, and writer Clarence Darrow—among whose high-profile court appearances was the Scopes Trial, in which he defended a Tennessee high-school teacher who had broken a state law by presenting the Darwinian theory of evolution—was born.

1506:
Pope Julius II laid the first stone of the new St. Peter's Basilica in Rome.