[阅读翻译]自己收集的口译句式

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1998年城镇居民的收入和消费水平发生了很大的变化，人年均收入达到5160元，比上一年上升了3.4%。
In 1998, great changes took place in the income and consumption levels of urban residents. The yearly average income amounted to 5,160 yuan, increased by 3.4% than that of the previous year.

工人和职员在国营和集体企业里的收入仍是家庭的主要收入。从事科技工作的收入在全国12个主要行业中居第二位。他们的教育水平越高，收入也相应增加。
Incomes of workers and staff members in the state-owned enterprises and collective work-units are still the mainstay of families' income. The income of scientific and technology researchers stood second in 12 main trades in the country. Their incomes increase according to their education level.

最近几年，城镇居民消费结构由温饱型向小康型转变。1998年在服装上支出降低了4.4%，食品的质量有了提高，粮食消费相应降低。生活节奏的加快促使了餐饮的社会化，98年居民外出用餐的比例上升了10.4%。
In recent years, the consumption pattern of urban residents has transformed from subsistence to a comfortable life. For instance, in 1998, the money spent on clothing was 4.4 percent less and the quality of food was improved while the consumption of grain relatively reduced. The accelerating rhythm of life has encouraged more socialization in food consumption. In 1998, the rate of people dining out increased by 10.4%.

浦东新区的崛起使这块黄金宝地成为海外投资的热点，如今投资金额已达530亿美金。
The rising of Pudong New District has turned the valuable place into a hot destination of overseas investment. Nowadays the investment volume has reached 53 billion US dollars.

2000年，政府批准了1800多家外资企业，在沪投资企业已达11000家，据官方数据统计，已有90多个国家和地区来沪投资。
In 2000, government approved more than 1,800 foreign-funded enterprises and the number of them has amounted to 11,000 in Shanghai. Official statistics showed that more than 90 countries and regions had come to invest in Shan ghai.
独资企业 solely-funded enterprise; 合资企业 joint venture enterprise;


中国要从发展中国家成为发达国家就必须大力发展第三产业。
China must boost its tertiary industry to accomplish its transition from a developing country to a developed country.

虎丘山顶有一座7层塔，由于明朝的地面沉降使塔身倾斜了15度。如今，这座塔成为苏州的著名景观。
There is a 7 stories pagoda at the top of Tiger Hill. The subsidence during Ming Dynasty caused it to slant to an angle of 15 degrees. Today, the pagoda has become a famous scenic spot in Suzhou.

在上海, 超过50000的妇女从事纺织，建材，食品加工，化妆品和药品行业。
In Shanghai, more than 50,000 women are engaged in fields of textile, building material, food procession, cosmetic and chemicals.

建立于1953年的上海外国语学校是一所全日制寄宿学校，它附属于上海外国语大学
。
Founded in 1953, Shanghai foreign language school is a full-time boarding school, which is affiliated to Shanghai International Studies University.

中国是一个具有悠久历史的多民族国家。因此有很多节日，譬如春节，元宵节，中秋节，清明节，龙舟节等等。
China is a multi-ethnic group country with a long history. Thus there ar e a lot of festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Mid-autumn Day, Pure-brightness Day, Dragon-boating Festival and so on.

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中美两国在新世纪面临历史机遇，两国之间的合作范围广泛，其实1999年双边贸易金额已达650万美金。
China and US are facing historical opportunity in the new century. There is much these two countries can cope with. Actually in 1999, the sum of bilateral trades had reached 6.5 million US dollars.

外国人钟情于吃尽可能少加工过的天然食物。
Foreigners have shown particular interest in the natural food that requires the least possible amount of procession.
Phrases and Expressions:
苏绣 embroidery
纺织工业 textile industry
1700年历史 the tradition of 1700 years
山清 水秀 怪石 beautiful mountain and lake, exotic rocks
"统得太死" channel sb. too much
美籍华人 Chinese-Americans
出租车站 taxi stand
家用电器 household appliance

这家新建的四星级宾馆是一家中美合资企业。由于它的先进管理和周到服务，每年它要招待许多来自海内外的游客。
The newly established four-star hotel is a Sino-US joint venture. Because of its advanced administration and good service, it hosts many quests and tourists of home and abroad every year.

自中国改革开放以来，我的家乡已经成为海内外投资的热点。
Since China's reform and opening up to outside world, our hometown has become the hot destination of both domestic and overseas investment.

2000年我家的人均收入达到12500，比1999年上升了4.8%，在教育与旅游上的消费分别上升了8.7%和5.9%。
In 2000, the yearly average income of each person in our family has reached 12,500 yuan, 4.8 percent higher than that of the previous year. Meanwhile the money spent on education and tourism increased by 8.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.

在我们公司，职员的收入取决于他的教育程度和对公司的贡献大小。
In our company, the salaries of staff members are decided on the basis of their education levels and their contributions to the company.

以前，国营企业职工的收入取决于职位，学历和工龄。
In previous years, the salaries of staff members in state-owned enterprises are decided on the basis of title, education level and working-age.

自1997年以来，居住区领导努力发展服务行业，为280个下岗工人提供工作。去年该地区人均收入9860元，比前一年上升了6.7%。
Since 1997, leaders of this residential area have made great efforts to develop the service-sector, providing 280 jobs for the laid-off workers. Last year, the yearly average of each person of this area amounted to 9,860 yuan, 6.7 percent more than that of the previous year.

自改革开放以来，该地区的领导很重视办学与教育。同时引进了不少刚从大学毕业的年轻人。
Since China's reform and opening up to outside world policy，leaders of this area have attached great importance to schooling and education. Meanwhile, they have absorbed quite a few young people who have just graduated from colleges.

我们的居住地已经成为一所老年大学。据统计，大约75%的退休教师，医生，工程师发挥余热，做出很大的贡献。这不仅促进了社区工作的发展，而且使居民间关系得益。

A community college for the elderly has been established in our residential area. According to calculations, about 75 percent of the retired teachers, doctors and engineers teach here and have contributed a lot, which has no t only promoted the development of our community work but also benefited the relationship among the residents.

中国的知识分子特别是年轻的知识分子从改革开放政策中受益非浅。从1998年至今，许多人公费或自费出国深造。近年来，他们中的许多人学成回国并在各自的领域走上
了领导岗位。
Chinese intellectuals especially young intellectuals have benefited a lot from the China's reform and opening up to outside world policy. Started from 1978, many of them went abroad for further study at the public expense or at their own. In recent years, many of them have come back at the completion of their study and become leaders in their own fields.

大华大学是一所成立于90年代初的民办大学。 10年来，培养了2000多名毕业生正活跃在上海地区各自的领域。
Dahua University is a non-government college, which was established in the early 1990s'. In the recent ten years, it has cultivated more than 2,000 graduates who are working hard at their own fields in Shanghai.

并非所有的精神病医院的护士都是女性，通常的男女比例是2比1。
All nurses in the mental hospitals are not female and in some cases the ratio of man to female is 2 to 1.

器官的移植不仅需要精确的外科手术而且要有稳定的器官来源。
The transplantation of organs not only involves delicate surgery but also needs regular supply of human organs.
Phrases and Expressions:
公务员 civil servant
贫困落后 backward
没有余地做某事。。。 There's no ground for…
自力更生 self-reliance
交通量 volume of traffic
经济特区 special economic zone
市政建设 public project
赢利 win a profit of
立场和观点 stands of points
知青 educated young people

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在浦东香格里拉饭店有一个冷餐招待会。108位来自美国，加拿大，澳大利亚等国的客人参加了这个招待会。
108 foreign guests from US, Canada, Australia and so on attended the buffet reception held in Pudong Shangri-La Hotel.

旅游业是现代发展最快的行业之一。它的发展速度已经超过世界经济发展的水平。

Tourist industry is one of the fastest growing industries in modern times. Its growing rate has exceeded that of worldwide economy.

旅游业不仅让服务行业受益，而且对旅游商品的制造业有利。它不是一个单一的行业而是包容了交通业，住宿业，餐饮业，导游服务，银行业，制造业，教育等多种行业
。
Tourism benefits not only the service sector, but also manufacture of tourist commodities. It is not a single trade, but a comprehensive one consisting of many enterprises such as transportation, accommodation, guiding service, banking, manufacturing, education and so on.

自1989年以来，这个地区的教育发展迅速。至今已有1所大学，3所大专，5所职业学校，9所成人学校， 4所函授学校和20所中小学。
Since 1989, education has developed greatly in this area. So far there have been 1 university, 3 junior colleges, 5 vocational schools, 9 adult schools, 4 correspondence schools and 20 middle schools and primary schools.

上海美美公司是成立于1997年5月的集体单位，有员工40名去年赢利650万。
Established in May 1997, Shanghai Meimei Company was a collective work unit with 40 staff members. Last year it made a profit of 6.5 million yuan.

官方统计表明该地区年龄在18岁到48岁的人群中68%做了保险。
Official statistics showed 68 percent of the people between the age of 18 and 48 are ensured in that area.

这个公司现已赢利50000美元。据估计，下季度可赢利75000美元。
This company has made a profit of 50,000 US dollars and it is estimated to make a profit of 75,000 US dollars in the next quarter of the year.

为在国际市场上竞争，该公司决定投巨资更新设备改善产品质量。
To compete in the world market, the company decided to spend large sum of money updating the existing machinery and improving the quality of productions.
Phrases and Expressions:
东亚病夫 the sick man of East Asia
上山下乡 settle down in countryside
研究院 research institute
餐饮部 the Food and Beverage Department
客房部 Housekeeping Department

信息高速公路与传播服务研讨会将如期举行，你被选为主要发言人。
The seminar on information superhighway and communication service will be held as scheduled and you've been chosen as the keynote speaker.

上海是中国经济，金融，贸易，科技，信息，文化的中心。上海作为一个历史文化名城，以其海派文化吸引了海内外数以千计的游客。同时上海也是美食家的天堂，尤其是其本帮菜非常受欢迎。
Shanghai is China's center of economy, finance, trade, science and technology, information and culture. As a famous historical and cultural city, Shanghai has attracted thousands of tourists both from home and abroad with its regional and cultural tradition. Meanwhile Shanghai is also a paradise for gourmets, especially the local cuisines are very popular.

上海被誉为"万国建筑博览会"，最吸引人的建筑作品是外滩的高楼大厦，黄浦江畔的东方明珠也是游客常去的地方。登上观光层眺望，无限风光，尽收眼底。
Shanghai is crowned as the exhibition of world architectures. The most a ttractive architecture works are the high buildings in the Bund. Oriental Pearl TV Tower standing by Huangpu River is also a frequent tourist destination. When standing in the sightseeing floor and looking around in a distance, you will enjoy the charming skyline of the city and admire the endless smoothing beauty of the city, which you'll find hard to turn away from.

根据我对中国轿车市场的调查，680个中国人中只有1个拥有轿车。这是一个极具潜力的市场。前不久，政府将关税由原来的38%下降到23%，我认为我们应该抓住这个机会打入中国市场。
According to the survey I made on China's automobile market, there's only one car for every 680 Chinese people. So it's a market of great potential. Recently, government has cut the tariff rate from 38 percent to 23 percent. I think it's a great opportunity for us to enter China's automobile market.

华东国际文化中心是上海著名的涉外的大学宾馆。它提供许多精致舒适的房间，都装有闭路卫星电视和中央空调。它还提供多功能厅，会议室，华丽的宴会厅以及娱乐中心和商务中心。
East China International Culture Center is a famous university hotel in Shanghai, which is authorized to accommodate foreign guests. It has many elegant and comfortable room all equipped with close-circuit satellite TV and central air-conditioner. It also has multifunctional halls, conference rooms, splendid banquet halls as well as recreation centers and business service centers.

华东国际文化中心已经成功举办了许多重要的国内外会议。它是科技界，教育界，文艺界以及其他学术界来自海内外的专家学者理想的学术文化交流场所。
East China International Culture Center has successfully hosted many important domestic and international conferences. It is an ideal location of academic and culture exchange for experts and scholars from home and abroad in the fields of science and technology, education, entertainment and art as well as people with other professional backgrounds.

我们对彼此的合作非常满意。双方公司都经历了最近的不景气并取得了可观的利润。我们希望和你们一同把合作推向新高。
We are satisfied with our cooperation, both company survived the recent recession and achieved a moderate profit. We are willing to make effort with your company to push our cooperation to a new height.

上海以其独特魅力吸引了许多企业家和金融家前来投资取得了丰厚的回报。在世纪之初，上海正迅速成长为世界经济力量，上海金融业发展是以相当规模和影响的金融系统的成形为标志的。
Shanghai's unique charm has attracted many entrepreneurs and financier to make investment and rewarded with high economic returns. The development of Shanghai's financial industry is most spectacular with a fairly large and influential system of financial market coming into shape.

全世界正在注视着在中国所发生的巨大变化，尤其是上海。如今，中国是全球经济增长最快的国家。中国迅速崛起为亚太地区的经济强国已经吸引了无数有远见的海外投资者。
The whole world is watching the great changes taking place in China especially in Shanghai. Now China is a country with fastest growing economy in the world. China's rapid rise as one of the strongest economic power in the A sia-pacific region has attracted innumerous overseas investors with broad vi
sion.
海南岛的亚龙湾位于我国的最南端，它于1996年10月4日被国务院批准为国家自然风景保护区。近些年来，当地加大对基础设施的建设发展，使其成为世界级自然风景游览胜地。
Located at the most southern tip of our country, A-Long Bay on Hainan Island was authorized to be a state natural scenery protection area by State Council of China on Oct. 4th, 1996. In recent years, the local government has rapidly developed its infrastructure, which leads it to be an international natural scenic spot.

在亚龙湾，碧绿的田野，错落的村庄，勤劳的黎族人民形成了一幅世外桃源的景象。清晨，游客可以欣赏少女割胶表演；黄昏游客可以漫步于椰林之中。亚龙湾的热带作物十分丰富，有橡胶，椰子，腰果，菠萝。这不仅给亚龙湾的热带风光增色不少而且使当地经济发展也受益。海南省政府还在税收，金融，进出口贸易，土地资源开发，基础设施建设以及出入境人签证提供了优惠条件。
At A-Long Bay, green fields, random villages and diligent Li people form a beautiful picture of country bliss. Tourists can see young women collect rubber sap in dawn and in dusk they can stroll among the coconut trees. A-Long Bay is rich in tropic foods and plants such as rubber, coconut, cashew, pineapple and so on, which not only color its tropical scenery but benefit the development of its economy as well. The government of Hainan province also provides many favorable terms in the fields of taxation, finance, import an d export trades, land development, infrastructure construction, visa procedure etc.

到亚龙湾自然风景保护区的公路连接于从海口到三亚的高速公路。向西北34公里是三亚凤凰国际机场，它是1997年7月1日投入使用的。从其邻近城市到海口的飞行时间只要2小时，譬如香港，澳门，台北，新加坡，曼谷，雅加达，广州，深圳，珠海等等。往北面到东京只要飞行4.5小时。如此优越的交通增强了亚龙湾作为世界级风景区的潜力。

The main highway serving A-Long Bay natural scenery protection area is connected to the expressway, which goes from Haikou to Sanya. To the northwes t 34 kilometers, there is Sanya Phoenix International Airport, which started operation on July 1,1997. Flight time from neighboring cities to Haikou is only 2 hours. Among these cities are Hong Kong, Macao, Taipei, Singapore, Bangkok, Djakarta, Guangzhou, Shenzheng, Zhuhai and so on. To the north as for Tokyo, flight time is only 4.5 hours. Such excellent transportation links naturally enhance the potential of A-Long Bay as an international natural scenic spot.

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瑞士地处欧洲的心脏，其西面是法国，北面是德国，东面是奥地利，南面是意大利。这些国家多年来对瑞士的历史，文化以及语言都有着重要的作用。
Switzerland lies at the heart of Europe. To its west is France, to its north is Germany, to its east is Austria and to its south is Italy. These countries have had a great influence on Switzerland in the fields of history, culture and language.

瑞士占地面积为41288平方公里，美丽的湖光山色每年吸引许多游客。阿尔卑斯山是世界上最高的山脉，即使是在夏季也有很多登山者来登高。
Switzerland covers an area of 41,288 square kilometers. The magnificent lake and mountain scenery attracts many tourists every year. The Alps are the highest ranges in the world, which are very popular among climbers and hill walkers even in summer.

伯恩是瑞士的首都，苏黎士是瑞士最大的城市，日内瓦是瑞士的经济和文化中心。由于瑞士的气候不适宜农业种植，所以大多数食物都需要进口。
Berne is the capital of Switzerland, Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland and Geneva is the center of Swiss economy and culture. Because the climate of Switzerland is not favorable for agriculture, most of its food needs to be imported.

制造业是瑞士的重要产业。由于大多数原材料需要进口，所以不可能生产廉价商品。瑞士以其高质量高附加值的产品著称于世界。尤其是钟表制造业，据统计每年出口2800万多只手表。此外，瑞士还以其巧克力，奶酪以及银行业著名。
Manufacturing is of great importance in Switzerland. Since most of its raw materials need to be imported, it cannot produce cheap products. Switzerl and earns a good reputation of its high quality added value products. Especially for its clock and watch making industry, according to statistics, every year Switzerland exports more than 2,800 watches. In addition, Switzerland is famous for its chocolate, cheese and banking system.

瑞士是国际金融中心。1992年以前，世界上任何人都可以在苏黎士和日内瓦开保密账户。银行提供对账户金额以及户主姓名的保密服务。尽管如今不再有这种服务，仍吸引许多海外机构和个人投资，其主要原因是经济和货币的稳定。
Switzerland is an international banking center. Before the year of 1992, anyone in the world can open a confidential number account in Zurich and Geneva. The bank will disclose the account of money held in the confidential number account and the name of the account holder. Despite the fact that banks no longer provide this kind of service nowadays, it still attracts many overseas investments from corporations and individuals. The main reason is the stability of its economy and currency value.

虽然瑞士没有加入联合国，但许多联合国组织都在日内瓦设立总部，比如国际原子能机构，世界劳工组织等等。
Although Switzerland is not a member of United Nations, Geneva is headquarters of many international organizations such as Atomic Energy Agency, International Labor Organization etc.

每个瑞士人都可以说好几种语言，如德语，法语，意大利语等等。 瑞士政府很重视教育教学。瑞士有几所受人尊敬的具有悠久历史的高等学府。16岁以前每个瑞士人都要接受义务教育。因此，文盲在瑞士是很少见的。99%的瑞士人都能够阅读，这个数字即使在西方也是无与伦比的。
Every Swiss can speak several languages like German, French, Italian and so on. Switzerland government attaches great importance to teaching and schooling. There are several respectable institutions of higher learning with along history in Switzerland. Every Swiss under 16-year-old should receive compulsory education. As a result, literacy is almost unheard of in Switzerland. 99 percent of Swiss can read. This figure is unmatched even in western countries.

科教兴国战略是我国的一项基本国策。科技进步是经济发展的关键因素，而教育发展是科技进步的基础。我们相信经济竞争是科技的竞争，也是人才的竞争。
The strategy of developing the country by relying on science and education is one of China's basic state policies. Scientific and technological progress is a decisive factor in economy development. Education development is the foundation of scientific and technological progress. We believe that economic competition is a competition of science and technology and a competition of talents.

这次我们的访问是本着积极参与，扩大共识，增进互信，加强合作的目的，探讨双方未来的发展目标和指导方针。中国一直十分重视发展与贵国的关系，并将全力支持贵国在国际事务中发挥积极的作用。
With the purpose of engaging an active participation, broadening common ground and mutual trust and strengthening further cooperation, we are coming here to discuss the objective and guideline of our development in the future. China has attached a great importance to the development of the relations
hip between our two countries and we will in full support of your positive role in international affairs.

上海是世界上最大的海港城市之一，也是中国主要的工业，商业，金融业中心。随着经济改革的深入，上海在推动长江流域的经济发展中起着领导作用。
Shanghai is one of the largest seaports in the world and it is also China's major industrial, commercial, financial center. With its deepening economic reforms, Shanghai is playing a leading role in boosting the economy development in Yangtze River Valley.
在20世纪后50年中，中国人民的精神文明和物质文明水平有了很大的提高。中国开始迈向繁荣昌盛。今天，中国人民正满怀信心地沿着邓小平建设有中国特色的社会主义国家的道路走向未来。
In the latter half of the 20th century, Chinese people have raised their level of cultural and material life significantly. China started to march forward to prosperity. Today Chinese people are confidently taking a road to the future, the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics pioneered by comrade Den Xiaoping.

在澳大利亚每个洲，学校都分为2种：政府办的学校和民办学校。三分之二的澳大利亚儿童都会进入政府学校读书，因为它是免费的。四分之三的民办学校是天主教学校，它们大多是要收费的。政府自1989年规定在校大学生和硕士生要自己承担部分学习费用。6至15岁的学龄儿童应接受义务教育。
In each state of Australia, there are two kinds of schools. They are governmental schools and non-governmental schools. Two-thirds Australian children will go to governmental schools because their tuition fees are free. Three-fourth non-governmental schools are Catholics and usually they charge fees. Since 1989, Australia government has set up a system that undergraduates and post-undergraduates should make a financial contribution to the cost of study. Children aged from 6 to 15 should receive compulsory education.
Phrases and Expressions:
太阳岛度假村 Sunshine Island Holiday Resort
环球乐园 World Garden
梦幻乐园 the Dream Land
佘山国家旅游度假区 Sheshan State Holiday Resort
淀山湖风景区 Dinshan Lake Scenic area
野生动物园 Wildlife Zoo
健身房 gym
台球房 billiards room
歌舞厅 ball room
高尔夫球场 golf courses
保龄球馆 bowling alleys
高等学府 institutions of high learning
经历沧桑 go through storm and stress
简陋的房屋 run-down houses
知识产权 intellectual property right

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那些视力，听力，智力有缺陷的儿童也可以入学。
Those children who have impaired eyesight or hearing or are mentally ret
arded can also go to special school.

全国共有182600专职教师，实行职责聘任制。国家规定幼儿园，小学，初中教师分别必须要有中师，大专和本科学历。
There are 182,600 full-time teachers altogether, to whom professional appointment system is applied. It is stipulated by the state that the teachers in kindergarten, primary school and junior high school must hold diplomas of secondary normal school, junior college and university respectively.

上海建志于1291年，有700年的历史。面积6430平方公里，有14个区，6个县。人口1600万，其中999万在市区。
Founded in 1291, Shanghai has a history of 700 years. With an area of 6430 square kilometers, it has 14 districts, 6 counties. It has a population of 16 million, among which 9 million 9 hundred and ninety people are living in urban area proper.
Phrases and Expressions:
卫生 public health
婴儿死亡率 infant morality rate
寿命 life expectancy
全面计划 comprehensive scheme
人才辈出 a galaxy of talents
德高望重 of noble characters and prestige

50年来，各类学校培养了大量的专业人员和劳动力。高等学府共培养了4万名毕业研究生，78万名本科生和大专生。各中等技术学校培养了120万专业和技术人才。据统计， 98年雇佣劳动力的平均受教育的年数超过11年，这些数字在国内处于领先地位。
Over the past 50 years, schools at all levels have trained a large number of professionals and workers. Institutions of high learning have educated 40,000 postgraduates, 780,000 undergraduates and junior college graduates. Secondary vocational schools have brought up 1,200,000 technicians and skilled workers. According to the survey of 1998, among the employees, the average length of schooling is over 11 years. These figures hit the country's peak.


98年全市高校教师有25000人，博士生导师750人，占全国的13.9%。 78年至今，公派出国人数为18000人。
In 1998, there are 25,000 full time teachers in colleges and universitie s, 750 of whom are supervisors for doctoral degree candidates, accounting for 13.9 percent of the whole country. Since 1978, there have been 18,000 people sent abroad at the expense of the government.

本市共有15000名专职从事研究开发人员，44000人从事科研活动，有国家级，部级，省级，市级重点实验室40个，3个国家级工程研究中心和389个研究所。
There're 15,000 full time personnel engaged in research and development, 44,000 personnel participated in scientific and technological activities. There're 40 labs at the state, ministerial, provincial and city levels, 3 state engineering research center and 389 research institutions.

近5年来，高校取得了4500多项科研成果，其中转让了1500项；获省市级以上的奖励1300多项，在国内外期刊上发表了5万篇论文。
In the recent 5 years, there have been more than 4,500 research products achieved in colleges and universities, among which 1,500 products have been transferred. Over 1300 products have won awards at state and provincial levels or above. 50,000 theses and papers have been published on periodicals of home and abroad.

大学提供的专业门类齐全，形式多样。良好的教师素质表明了科研的实力。国际交流活跃，学生生活丰富多彩。上海正努力建设一流的大学，造就大量的素质好，质量高，具有开拓能力的人才。
Colleges and universities offer a variety of disciplines and diverse educational patterns. The excellent faculties demonstrate the strength in scientific research. The international exchanges are active. The student activities are rich and colorful. Shanghai is making great efforts to set up first-class colleges and universities and to bring up a large number of talents with good personality, high quality and creative and initiative abilities
上海的职业技术教育追溯到19世纪60年代，是全国最早的地区之一。78年以来，随着现代化进程和教育体制改革的深入，职业技术教育蓬勃发展。它不仅是教育体制的重要组成部分，而且在经济社会发展中起着重要的作用。
Vocational and technological education can date back to 1860s' in Shanghai, where such kind of education was firstly organized. Ever since 1978, with the objective needs of modernization drive and the deepening reform of educational system, vocational and technological education has rapidly develope
d. It is not only an important component in the whole educational system but also in the promoting of economic social development.

改革开放以来，应邀来上海到各类学校讲学的外国专家学者达12000人次，1800位专家和外籍教师在70所学校长期授课。
Since China's reform and opening up to outside world, the number of foreign experts and scholars invited to teach and do scientific research in all kinds of schools in Shanghai has reached 12,000 person times. 1800 long-term foreign experts and teachers teach in 70 schools.

1998年18所上海高校接收了4298名来自97个国家和地区的长期留学生，其中来攻读硕士以上学位的有650人。每年到沪的短期留学生有13000名左右。
In 1998, 18 colleges and universities in Shanghai received 4,298 long-term overseas students from 97 countries and regions, among them 650 students study for the master degree or above. Every year there are about 13,000 short-term overseas students coming to study in Shanghai.

欧洲是交响乐之乡，歌剧之乡，也是作曲家的摇篮。中国也有歌剧，就是京剧，它起源于200年前清朝的北京。京剧是一种集歌剧，歌唱，音乐，舞蹈，武术于一体的表演艺术。
Europe is the home to symphony and also the home to opera. And it is the cradle of music composers. China also has its own opera that is Beijing opera, which originated in Beijing, 200 years ago in Qing Dynasty. Beijing opera is a performing art including opera performance, singing, music, dance and martial art.
Phrases and Expressions:
计算机应用能力考试 test for computerization
通用英语考试 English test for general purposes
岗位培训 in-service training
继续教育 continuing education
出土文物 culture relics unearthed

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自1992年中国开发开放浦东，上海市政府投资改善基础建设尤其是通信基础设施。国家给予相当的自主权在其开放中如金融，外贸，市场建设，所有这些因素都帮助它吸引数以千计的海外投资者。
Since China opened Pudong to outside world in 1992, Shanghai municipal government has invested to improve infrastructure, in particular, its telecom munication infrastructure. The state has granted considerable autonomy in its reform such as finance, foreign trade and market construction. All these factors have helped attract thousands of overseas investors.

上海大华集团公司是跨地区，跨行业，跨所有制的大型集团公司。它成立于1990年1月。它由一家研究所，一家国贸中心，一家百货商店，一家房地产公司和一家旅行社，并有一支经过国家认证的懂得英，日，德，法，韩等语言的翻译导游队。2000年，该公司吸引500万游客，赢利3亿元。
Founded in January1990, Shanghai Dahua Group Company is a large cross regional, cross trade and cross ownership Group Corporation. It consists of one research institution, one material trading center, one department store, one real estate company and one travel service with state certified professional guiders and interpreters who are good at English, Japanese, German, French, Korean and so on. In 2000, it has hosted 5 million tourists, gaining a profit of 3 hundred million yuan.

随着中国改革开放的深入和综合国力的提高，上海金融业在更高的层次上全面发展。根据上海市府制定的社会经济发展蓝图，到2010年，上海将新增金融机构300家，成为国际经济，金融，贸易中心之一。
With the deepening of China's reform and opening up to outside world and the strengthening of comprehensive national strength, Shanghai's financial industry will embark on an all-round development at a higher level. Accordin g to the blue print of social and economic development drawn by Shanghai municipal government, by the year of 2010, Shanghai will have become one of the international financial, economic and trade centers.

苏州和杭州是临近上海的历史名城，其秀丽景色每年吸引许多海内外游客，例如，美妙的苏州园林景致。典型的江南园林建筑能在有限的空间里包容无限的自然美景。园林的池，亭，石，水，花，树给游客诗一般的意境。
Suzhou and Hangzhou are two famous historical cities near Shanghai, attracting many domestic and overseas tourists every year with their beautiful scenery. For example, the charming landscape gardens of Suzhou Typical garden architectures of southern China contain numerous sceneries within a limited
space. Ponds, pavilions, rocks, water, flowers and trees in the gardens create a poetic mood for tourists.

经当地政府和有关企业共同努力，服务业迅速发展。1997年11月以来，服务业已赢利5230万人民币，占总收入的22.6%，直接或间接为16000人提供了工作。
Through both efforts of local government and the related enterprises, the service industry has been developing rapidly. Since November 1997, it has earned a profit of 52,300,000 RMB, representing 22.6 percent in the total in come and directly or indirectly provided 16,000 jobs.

据上海大华社区的统计数据，上半年居民平均收入为7867元比2000年增长8.8%，在教育，旅游，家庭设施，外出用餐上的消费分别上升了11.5%，9.6%，12.3% 和8.9%。
According to statistics in Shanghai Dahua Community, the average income of each resident in the first half of this year reached 7,867 yuan, 8.8% more than that of the previous year. Money spent on education, tourism, household facilities and dining out increased 11.5 percent, 9.6 percent, 12.3 percent and 8.9 percent respectively.

1994年5月以来，浦东新区已有180个工业项目，210基础设施项目和96个第三产业项目吸引了海外投资。上海美美起重设备厂是一家中日合资企业，建成于95年7月，占地面积10万平方公里，有员工1200人，主要生产系列电动升降机，其75%的产品出口东南亚国家。
Since May 1994, 180 industrial projects, 210 infrastructure projects and 96 projects of tertiary industry have attracted overseas investment in Pudong New District. Established in July 1995, with a factory site of 100,000 square kilometers and a staff of 1,200, Shanghai Meimei Crane Equipment Compan y is a Sino-Japanese joint venture. It mainly produces series of electrical hoist, 75 percent of which are for export to Southeast Asia countries.

上海玩具厂建于96年1月，位于浦东新区西北面，是一家中法合资企业。占地面积3 8000平方米，有职工880人，主要生产各种玩具汽车，一半以上的产品出口。2000年该厂出口了1500万辆玩具汽车和20万套电动剃须刀，赢利500万美金。
Founded in January 1996 and located in the northwest of Pudong New District, Shanghai Toy Factory is a Sino-French joint venture. It covers an area of 38,000 square meters with a staff of 880. It mainly produces all kinds of toy motors, more than half of which are for export. In 2000, it exported 15,000,000 toy cars and 200,000 sets of electrical shavers, earning a profit of 5 million US dollars.

上海针织厂过去是一家国营企业，6年前，转制为上海香港合资企业。它位于浦东陆家嘴经济开发区，占地42000平方米，有职工450名。主要生产针织内衣，外套，中高档时装，其80%的产品出口东南亚，今年上半年赢利5500万美金。
Shanghai Knitting Factory used to be a state-owned enterprise and transformed to be a Shanghai and Hong Kong joint venture six years ago. Located at Lujiazui Developing Zone in Pudong, with a construction area of 42,000 square meters and a staff of 450, it mainly produces knitted underwear, outer clothes, mid and high grade fashionable dresses, 80 percent of which are exported to southeast Asia countries. It has earned a profit of 55 million US dollars in the first half of this year.

上海第二缝纫机厂是以生产家用缝纫机为主，它是建于96年7月的有10年签约期限的中日合资企业。总投资为8600万美元，日方出资45%，80%-85%的产品出口。主要的产品有家用缝纫机，特殊缝纫机，以及计算机控制的多头绣花缝纫机。
Shanghai No.2 Sewing Machine Factory mainly produces household sewing machines. Founded in July 1996, it is a Sino-Japanese joint venture with a term of 10 years. The total investment is 86 million US dollars with 45 percent of Japanese contribution, 80 percent to 85 percent products are for export. Its main products are household sewing machines, special sewing machines an d computer controlled multi-headed embroidery sewing machines.

中日浦南塑料制品厂位于浦东新区南面，主要生产塑料产品。日方提供机械设备，技术，管理；中方提供土地，劳动力和一些用于基础设施建设的资金，其65%-70%的产品出口往南亚和非洲。
Located in southern Pudong New District, Sino-Japanese Punan Plastics Factory mainly produces plastic products. Japanese partners provide mechanical equipment, technique and management while we provide land, labor and some capital for infrastructure. 65 percent to 70 percent of its products are exported to South Asia and Africa.

悉尼歌剧院是现代社会所有划时代建筑的先驱，也是空前绝后的建筑作品，凡是接触过媒体的人都知道它的外貌。
Sydney Opera House is the mother and father of all modern landmark buildings and also a one-off work of architecture in modern society. Anyone in this world with media access knows what the Opera House looks like.

上海杨浦大桥是世界最长的斜拉索桥，全长7658米，仅用了29个月建成。大桥采用了许多的先进工艺方法。大桥的建成表明了在建筑设计水平上已进入世界先进行列。
Shanghai Yangpu Bridge is world's longest suspension bridge, with the full length of 7,658 meters long. It was completed within only 29 months and a lot of advanced techniques were used in building this bridge. The completion of this bridge demonstrated the design and construction had reached the world's level.

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杨浦大桥的主桥长为1172米，宽为30米，双向六车道，两边各有一条2米宽的人行道。桥上的车辆最高时速为60公里。自93年建成以来，每天要容纳通过5万辆车。
The main section of the bridge is 1,172 meters long and 30 meters wide, with two-way six lanes and 2-meter-wide pavement on each side. The speed limit on bridge is 60 kilometers per hour. Since its completion in 1993, the traffic capacity every day has reached 50,000.
Phrases and Expressions:
注册资金 registered capital
地毯 carpets and rugs
手提式打字机 portable typewriter
金桥出口加工区 Jinqiao Export Processing Zone
街道工厂 neighborhood factory
羊绒运动衫 fleece sportswear
分公司 subsidiary

中国向世界传播了其经过5000年历史长河沉积下来的传统医疗保健知识。现在，医疗保健方式象太极拳，气功，按摩正逐渐显现其重要性。世界各地越来越多的人学习太极，气功，按摩，因为他们不仅对人体健康有益，而且对心，脑，减肥都有益处。
China had spread its traditional medicine across the globe, acquired from 5,000-year history. Nowadays, health care methods like Taiji, Qigong and massage are gaining increasing importance. More and more people from all over the world are learning them because they are very effective not only to physical and mental health but also to weight reduction.

近年来，网络产业发展迅速。据中国信息中心数据，公共网络已经覆盖了365个城市，上网电脑520万，经常上网的网民1260万，网址23000个。2年后，中国网民人数将居世界第二，仅次于美国。
In recent years, the Internet industry has been developing rapidly. According to the statistics from China Internet Network Information Center, the public network has covered 365 cities and the number of online computers has reached 5.2 million, with 12.6 million regular Internet users and 23,000 we bsites. In two years, China is expected to have the second largest netizen population in the world, second only to US.

虹北工业区是以高科技为主的新兴工业区，它位于上海的北部，占地面积101亩。近年来，建造了许多高楼大厦，基础设施大大改善，不仅提供给投资者市政基础设施，第三产业可以满足他们住，食，行，文体活动的需要。
Located in the north of Shanghai and with a construction area of 101 mu, Hongbei Industry Park is a newly constructed industry zone with hi-tech as its mainstay. In recent years, many high buildings have been built and the infrastructure has been greatly improved, which provide the investors with mu
nicipal infrastructure. And the tertiary industry can meet their needs in residence, dining, transportation, sports, and cultural and recreational activities.

西北部的陕西拥有丰富的自然资源，旅游景点和各种高科技人才。改革开放20年来，外贸的迅速发展成为经济增长的动力。1999年，进出口贸易总额达22亿6400万元，并和138个国家和地区建立了贸易伙伴关系。
Shanxi province in the southwest of China is rich in natural resources, tourist attractions and all kinds of hi-tech talents. Since China's reform a nd opening up to outside world 20 years ago, foreign trade has been developing at a fast rate, which has provided impetus for economic growth. In 1999, the total import and export volume reached 2.2 hundred 64 million yuan, and set up cooperated trading partnership with 138 countries and regions.

为欢迎国外学成归来为国效力的学者，党和国家提供了许多优惠条件和待遇。尤其是高科技支柱产业的公司经理，专利人，顾问，以及有博士学位的人才，他们不仅可以得到高薪水，大房子，有利的工作生活条件，还可以得到特殊的研究经费。
In order to attract those scholars to come back to contribute in our country from abroad, Party and state have provided many favorable terms and treatment. Especially for those managers in hi-tech and pillar industry, patent-holders, consulters and those who hold doctorial degree, they will not only have high salaries, big houses and favorable work and life conditions, but also can get special research grants.

上海北面是长江，东面是东海，南面是杭州湾，西面是浙江，江苏两省。上海是南北海岸中心，拥有便捷的交通，辽阔的幅员，优越的地理位置，使其成为十大著名港口之一。如今，上海正成为中国的经济，金融，贸易，信息，教育，文化中心。
Shanghai boarders Yangtze River on its north, East Sea on its east, Hangzhou Bay on its south, Zhejiang and Jiangsu Provinces on its west. Shanghai is located at the center of north and south coastal lines with convenient transportation, vast land and favorable geological location, which lead it to be one of the ten famous ports in the world. Nowadays, Shanghai is becoming China's economic, financial, trade, information, education and cultural center.
Phrases and Expressions:
保持人口负增长 maintain a negative population growth
免试 exempt from test
脱贫率 poverty relieve rate
珠江三角洲 Pearl River Delta
服务模式 service pattern
心血管疾病 cardiovascular
骨质疏松 osteoporosis
哮喘 asthma
呕吐 vomit
恶心 nausea
针灸 acupuncture

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在目前，市场经济形式下，显然高校要采取新措施来加深教育改革，按社会需要调整教育和科研的内容。近年来，中国的高校教改取得了很大的进步。在人事管理，科研经费，招生工作，国外交流与毕业分配上有更多的自主权。
At present, under the market economy, obviously, institutions of high learning should take new measures to carry out further education reform and adjust the content of education and research to meet the need of society. In recent years, China's universities and colleges have made a great progress in education reform. They have more autonomy in personnel management, research fund, student enrollment, international exchanges and placement of graduates to employment.
改革开放政策发生了良好的国际影响。众多国家采取越来越积极的态度和行动。我国经济关系向前发展，不仅符合我国人民的利益，而且适应世界和平，进步和发展的需要。
China's reform and opening to the outside world has produced good influence internationally. Many countries have adopted more and more active attitude and action and taken effective measures to its end. The growing economic relations of China with other countries are not only beneficial to the interests of Chinese people but also meet the needs of world's peace, progress and development.
中华园大饭店是由上海烟草公司和10家单位联合投资建造的。它是位于苏州天平山灵岩山脚下的四星宾馆，距沪宁高速公路15分车程。占地面积156亩，建筑面积22000平方米。
Located at the foot of Suzhou Tianping Hill and Lingyan Hill, China Garden Hotel jointly invested by Shanghai Tobacco Company and other 10 work units is a four star hotel with only 15 minutes drive from Shanghai-Nanjing express way. It covers an area of 156 mu and a construction area of 22,000 squar
e meters.
中华园大饭店有套房，标准房168间，客房大，舒适，欧洲家具，装潢考究。此外，还有5套英，日，法式别墅，是商务，休闲，度假及小型会议的理想场所。
China Garden Hotel has 168 suite and standard rooms, which are big, comfortable, furnished with European furniture and well decorated. In addition, there are 5 villas of British, Japanese and French styles. It's an ideal location for business, pleasure, spending holidays and small-size meetings.
Phrases and Expressions:
绿化面积 landscaped area
浴宫 bath palace
美容院 beauty parlor

上海具有地理优势，面积520平方公里，1400万。近年来，100多个国家和地区来沪投资。诸如高科技，房地产，旅游等第三产业已成为新的海外投资热点。
Shanghai has its advantage of unique geographical position, with an area of 520 square kilometers and a population of 14 million. In recent years, more than 100 countries and regions have come to invest in Shanghai. The tert iary industries such as high science and technology, real estate, tourism an d so on have become new destination of foreign investment.
自改革开放以来，中美在各领域真诚合作并取得进步。实际上，中美存在互补关系。美国的技术，设备有助于中国现代化建设，而中国潜在的市场，丰富的人才资源对美国经济具有重要意义。
Since China's reform and opening to the outside world, China and US have carried out sincere and rewarding cooperation. In fact, China and US are economically complimentary. US's technology and facility are very helpful to China's modernization life while China's potential market and abundant human
resource are vital to US's economy.
有"太湖明珠"美誉的无锡地处长江三角洲中央，江苏省南部是著名的旅游胜地。每年它以宜人的气候，丰富的物产，美丽的自然风光吸引无数海内外游客。
Located in the center of Yangtze River and in the south of Jiangsu provi nce, the pearl of Tai Lake, Wuxi is a famous tourist destination. With its p leasant climate, abundant natural resource and beautiful scenery, it attracts numerous tourists both from home and abroad every year.
每年春天，来自世界各地的客商参加一年一度的上海华东出口商品交易会。这里，沪产商品与全国各地的商品竞争。上海商品的优势是其高科技实力，高科技产品应在上海进出口贸易和经济增长中充当排头兵。
Every spring, businessmen from all over the world come to attend the ann ual Shanghai East China Export Commodity Trade Fair. Here, the goods of Shan ghai compete with the goods form other places of China. The advantage of Chi na products lies in the advanced science and technology strength. Hi-tech products should take the lead in increasing Shanghai's foreign trade and econo my.

第三产业的发展有助于调整经济结构，提供就业机会，改善投资环境，促进城乡经济，提高国民经济综合实力，提高人民生活水平。
The development of tertiary industry helps to promote economy structure \adjustment, provide employment opportunity, better investment environment, s timulate urban and rural economy, raise overall efficiency of national econo
my and improve people's lives.



就现状来看，第三产业还相对落后。占国民生产总值的27%，占全国劳动力的18.6% \。 然而，这两个数字在高收入国家为65%，在中等收入国家为50%，在低收入国家为30%
。 Currently, the tertiary industry is relatively backward, accounting for 27% in GNP and 18.6% in work force. But these two proportions are usually 65 % in high-income countries, 50% in moderate-income countries and 30% in low- income countries.
中高级口译证书高频翻译考点（一）
港澳台

背景（Background）
?????????????????香 港
香港是中国的一部分。自古以来，我们的祖先在这块土地上劳动、生活。历史上从秦代到清朝，中国一直对香港实行管辖，行使主权。19世纪中叶，英国发动两次鸦片战争，迫使腐败无能的清政府签订了不平等条约并于1898年侵占了整个香港地区。
香港于1997年7月1日回归祖国，现有人口约630万。

Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China. Since ancient times, our ancestors lived and labored on this land. Historically from the Qing Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, China exercised jurisdiction and sovereignty over Hong Kong. In mid-19th century after launching two Opium Wars, Britain forced the corrupt and incompetent Qing govemment to sign the unequal treaties. In 1898, Britain occupied the entire Hong Kong region.
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong finally returned to the motherland. It has a population of 6.3 million.

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◆香港同胞有着光荣的爱国主义传统
Hong Kong compatriots have a glorious patriotic tradition.
◆一国两制、港人治港及高度自治等基本方针将不会改变
The basic policies of one country, two systems, Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong and a high degree of autonomy will remain unchanged.
◆香港将继续保持作为国际财经金融中心的地位
Hong Kong will continue to retain its status of functioning as an international financial center
◆未来的香港，人人都有平等竞争的机会
In future Hong Kong, everyone will be given an equal right for competition

?????????????????澳 门
自古以来，澳门就是中国的领土。我们的祖先很早就开始在澳门生活。16世纪中期，葡萄牙人行贿中国朝廷官员，获准借澳门暂住。19世纪鸦片战争前，葡萄牙人已完全控制了澳门。1887年 清政府被迫签订了不平等的《中葡条约》。
1987年，中葡签订了"中葡联合声明"，宣布澳门为中国领土，中国政府将于1999年12月20日对其恢复行使主权。
澳门于1999年12月20日回归祖国；现有人口约45万。

Macao is historically Chinese territory and the ancestors of the Chinese people started to live in Macao as early as the New Stone Age. During the mid-16th century, the Portuguese bribed Chinese officials and obtained permission to live on the Macao Peninsula temporarily. In the 19th century, the Portuguese took full control over Macao in the wake of the Opium War. In 1887, the Qing Government was forced to sign an unequal treaty and Portuguese stayed in Macao permanently.
In 1987, China and Portugal signed the Sino=Portuguese Joint Declaration which declared Macao is Chinese territory and that the Chinese Government would resume the exercise of sovereignty over it from December20, 1999. It now has a population of about 450,000.

◆澳门的回归将从此借宿外国在中国土地上统治耻辱的年代
Macao's return will end years of humiliating foreign rule over Chinese land.
◆澳门社会市中西文化融合，同时也是连结海峡两岸的桥梁
Macao society is a blend of Chinese and Western cultures and acts as a bridge linking the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.

????????????????台 湾
◆台湾市中国领土不可分割的一部分。1895年，日本通过侵华战争强迫清政府签订不平等的《马关条约》，霸占了台湾。1945年，中国政府新恢复对台湾行使主权。
台湾现有人口约2094万。
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. In 1895, through a war of aggression against China, Japan forced the Qing Government to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, and forcibly occupied Taiwan. In 1945, the Chinese Government recovered Taiwan, resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan.
Taiwan has a population of about 20.94 million.
◆一个中国原则是实现和平统一的基础和前提
The one-China principle is the basis and prerequisite for achieving peaceful reunification
◆在一个中国原则下，什么问题都可以谈
Any question can be discussed under one-China principle.
◆不能允许台湾问题的解决再无限期地拖下去了
The people of the whole of China cannot allow the resolution of the Taiwan issue to be dragged on indefinitely
◆台湾新领导人的选举，并不能改变台湾是中国领土的一部分的事实
The election of a new leader in Taiwan cannot change the fact that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory
◆我们解决台湾问题的原则是"和平统一祖国和一国两制"
Our guideline for solving the Taiwan question is "peaceful reunification and the one country, two systems"
◆台湾当局必须抛弃"两国"论
The Taiwanese authorities must abandon "two states" statement

方针（Major Policies）
一个国家，两种制度
One country, two systems.
◆港人治港
Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong
◆澳人治澳
Macao people administer Macao
◆一个中国的原则
One-China principle
◆和平统一祖国
Peaceful reunification of the motherland
◆高度自治
a high degree of autonomy

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改革开放

基本观点（Basic Viewpoints）
◆发展是硬道理
Development is the main principle
◆深化改革，加强和改善宏观调控
Deepen reform and strengthen and improve macro-control
◆在我国现代化过程中，我们必须始终坚持一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明。
In the process of China's modernization, we must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress
◆深化改革为国民经济和社会发展注入了新的活力。
The deepened reform has injected a flow of fresh vitality into our national economic and social development.
◆市场也有盲目性和局限性。
The market is unplanned and has its limitations.
◆国有企业改革是当前经济体制改革的重点。
The reform of state-owned enterprises is the principal task of the on-going economic restructuring
◆我们要继续扩大对外开放，并形成全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放格局。
We must continue an omni-directional, multilevel and wide-range opening to the outside world.
◆国民经济市场化、社会的程度得到明显提高。
The national economy is notably more market-oriented and socialized.

时代观点
◆深入学习邓小平理论。
Study Deng Xiaoping Theory deeply
◆治国现治党，治党必从严。
To rule the country, first rule the Party, and with a strong hand
◆加强廉政建设，惩治贪污腐败。
Work harder to build an honest government, punish graft and corruption
◆让雷锋精神永驻心间。
Let the Lei Feng spirit be in your heart year-round
◆我们既面临难得的机遇，也面临严峻的挑战。
We are faced with both a rare opportunity and grave challenges.
◆实践是检验真理的唯一标准。
Practice is the sole criterion for judging truth.
◆打破垄断，鼓励竞争。
扩大内需促繁荣。
Encourage domestic demand and promote prosperity.
◆保护地球环境－人类共有的家园。
Protect the earth's environment-the homeland of all mankind.
◆保护环境是每个公民的责任与义务。
Protecting environment is every citizen's responsibility and moral duty.
◆为子孙后代留下青山绿水。
Preserve the green mountains and clear rivers for posterity
◆治理大气污染，还城市一片蓝天!
Control air pollution and bring back city's blue sky!
◆污染者应该承担污染的代价。
The polluter should pay.
◆全社会都来关心再就业。
Our entire society should be involved in the effort to find new jobs for laid-off workers.
◆积极参加下岗再就业培训。
Laid-off employees should take full advantage of retraining programs.
◆下岗是对生产力的一次大解放-给自己一个重新选择的机会。
Lay offs are a great liberation of productive forces - give yourself a chance to make a fresh choice.
◆消费可以刺激经济发展。
Consumer buying can build up the economy.
◆中国加入世贸组织符合中美两国人民的利益、
China's entry into the WTO is in the best interest of both the Chinese and Americans.
◆中美两国人民应该加强了解，增进共识。
Chinese and Americans should strengthen mutual understanding and promote the positions they share.
◆拒买盗版物，保护知识产权。
Don't buy pirated goods. Protect intellectual property rights.
◆珍爱生命，永不沾毒。
Value your own life-stay away from drugs.
◆不要让烟草缩短你的宝贵的生命。
Don't let smoking take years away from your life.
◆拒绝毒品，别拿生命做赌注。
Say no to drugs. Don't gamble your life away.
◆减轻课业负担，还孩子快乐童年！
Less homework for our children - give school kids more free time.
◆以旅游为桥梁，增进各国人民友谊。
Use tourism as a bridge and promote the friendship between people from different countries.
◆告别违章行车，保证交通顺畅。
Say goodbye to lawless driving, ensure the smooth flow of traffic.
◆深化改革，全面推进素质教育。
Efforts should be made to deepen the educational reform and promote the qualification-oriented education in an all-round way.
◆全面推进依法行政，从严治政，建设廉洁，勤政。务实，高效政府。
The government should be strict with itself in carrying out its official duties in accordance with the law and try to be honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient.
◆发展是硬道理。
Development is the absolute principle.
◆厉行勤俭，反对奢侈浪费。
We must practice strict economy and combat extravagance.

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西部大开发

基本观点（Basic Viewpoints）
◆自从开发西部战略提出以来，中央政府各部委都已积极行动起来。许多部委已经采取了支持西部发展的新举措。
Since China launched the strategy of developing the country's west, various ministries and commissions under the Central Government have gone into action. Many of them have adopted new measures for supporting the western region development program.
◆中央政府将给予优惠政策，增加对西部的财政投入。
The Government will give preferential policies to increase financial input to the western region.
◆国家将给西部发放政府长期贷款。
The state will issue long-term government loans to the western region.
开发西部应该引进新思想和新机制。
In developing the west, new ideas and mechanisms should be adopted.
◆国家很快将出台一系列有关西部发展的政策措施。
The state will soon stage a series of policy measures in relation to western region development.

金融

基本观点（Basic Viewpoints）
◆深化金融改革，整顿金融秩序，强化金融监管和法制，努力提高经营效益。
We should continue to deepen financial reform, rectify financial order, tighten financial supervision and regulation by law and improve performance.
◆在坚持稳健经营的原则下，金融系统要加大对经济发展支持的力度。
In accordance with the principle of prudent operation , financial institutions should their support for economic development.
◆要进一步发挥货币政策的作用。
We should take better advantage of the role of monetary policy.
◆我们要进一步规范和发展证券市场，增加企业直接融资比重。
We should further standardize and develop securities market so that enterprises will be able to increase the proportion of direct financing.
◆要努力解决农民贷款难的问题。
We should strive to solve the problem of farmers having difficulty taking out loans.

环境保护

基本观点（Basic Viewpoints）
◆提高全民族环保意识。
Awaken the whole nation to the importance of environmental protection.
◆中国已规定并修改了有关水、空气及固体垃圾污染的有关法律，为取得持续发展打下了基础。
China has stipulated and revised the relevant laws on water air and solid waste pollution, laying the foundation for achieving sustainable development.
◆保护地球环境-人类共有的家园。
Protect the earth's environment -- the homeland of all mankind.
◆保护环境识每个公民的责任与义务。
Protecting the environment is every citizen's responsibility and moral duty.
◆对环境问题的关注已经成为一种不可逆转的历史潮流。
The attention to environment issue has become an irreversible historical trend.
◆切实搞好生态环境建设。
Practical measures need to be taken to improve the environment.
◆工厂废气、污水排放到2000年底必须符合排放标准。
All factories must meet discharge standards by the end of 2000.
◆到2010年，我国可能制止城乡环境的恶化。
By 2010, our country expects to curb environmental deterioration in the cities and villages.
◆为了避免破坏西部环境，有必要对西部地区的经济开发与建设进行严格监督。
To avoid ruining the environment in the west, strict supervision of economic development and construction in the western areas is necessary.

人权问题

基本观点（Major Viewpoints）
◆自改革开放以来，中国找到了一条适合自己国情的促进和发展人权的道路。
Since reform and opening up, China has found a road for the promotion and development of human rights that suits its realty.
◆将生存权，发展权放在首位，在改革，发展，稳定的情况下，全面推进人权。
Put the rights to subsistence and development in the first place and under the conditions of reform. Development and stability, promote human rights development in an overall way.
◆我们完全有理由相信中国的人权状况将不断改善。
We have every reason to believe that China's human rights situation will continue to improve.
◆中国重视维护公民的劳动和社会保障权利。
China attaches great importance to the protection of the citizen's labour and social security rights.
◆为解决事业人员和下岗职工的再就业问题，中国重1994年开始实施再就业工程。
A re-employment project aiming at solving the problems of the jobless and the laid-off worker was initiated in 1994.
◆公民受教育的权利进一步得到保障。
The right of Chinese citizens to receive education has been further guaranteed.
◆中国在人权问题上一贯主张对话，反对对抗。
China always advocates dialogue and opposes confrontation in the field of human rights.
◆中国反对"人权高于主权"的主张。
China family opposes the idea of "human rights above sovereignty".
◆中国对人权问题的立场识十分清楚的、一贯的，那就是强烈地反对以人权为借口，干涉别国内政的任何企图。
China's stand on the human rights issue is clear and consistent, that it strongly object to any attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of other nations using human rights as a pretext.

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中美关系

背景

??中美两国在世界上具有很大的影响，两国人民都希望保持和发展健康，稳定的关系。中美两国既有共同利益，也有分歧。中美三个联合公报于1972年在上海签订。1997年下半年，****主席对美国进行了访问。1998年，克林顿总统也对中国进行了9天访问。中美关系健康，平稳发展的关键在于严格遵守中美三个联合公报的原则。目前，中美两国将继续一起共同努力建立
建设性战略伙伴关系。

Both China and the United States exert a considerable influence in the world, and the two peoples wish to maintain and develop healthy and stable ties. There ere both common interests and differences between China and the United States. The three Sino-US Joint Communiques were signed in Shanghai in 1972.President Jiang Zemin visited the United States in late 1997, President Bill Clinton paid a 9-day visit to China in 1998. The key to the healthy and steady development of Sino-US ties is strictly abiding by the principles' set in the three Sino-US Joint
Communiques. At present, China and the United States will continue to work together to set up a constructive strategic partnership.

基本观点

◆我们应该根据互相尊重、平等互利、互不干涉内政和求同存异的原则，妥善解决分歧。
We should properly address our differences on the principle of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, non-interference in each other's internal affairs and seeking common ground while reserving differences.

◆中国希望美国采取有效步骤，坚持"一个中国'的立场，这不仅在口头上，而且要有实际行动。
China hopes that the United States will adopt effective steps to stick to "one China" stand, not only in words but also in deeds.

◆台湾问题是中美关系中最重要，最敏感的问题
The Taiwan issue remains the most important and the most sensitive problem in Sino-US relations.

◆ 中国反对霸权主义，中国永远也不搞霸权。
China opposes hegemonism, and China will never seek hegemony.

◆中国的发展将不会对任何国家构成威胁。
China's development will not pose a threat to any other country.

◆在对华贸易中，美国应该放弃任何形式的歧视性政策。
In trading with China, the United States should also give up all forms of discriminatory policies.

??中俄关系在过去50年既有过亲密联盟的黄金时代，也经历过关系紧张的困难时期。1950年中苏两国签订了"中苏友好同盟互助条约"。但从1958年开始，中苏关系开始恶化。1989年，戈巴乔夫和邓小平举行了高峰会议。到此时，中苏关系完全正常化。1996年两国决定发展一种面向21世纪平等、互相信任、互相协作的战略伙伴关系。

In the past 50 years of Sino. Russian relations, there were both golden ages of intimacy and alliance and a tough period of hostility. In 1950, the two countries signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. But since. 1958, the Sino-Soviet relationship began worsening . in 1989,
Gorbachev and Deng Xiaoping held a summit meeting. By this time, the Sino-Soviet relationship had been completely normalized. In 1996, the two countries resolved to develop a "strategic partnership of equality, mutual confidence and mutual coordination directed toward the 21st century".

网络

基本观点

◆使我们生活得以变革的因特网，已成为世界经济中不可逆转的趋势。
The Internet, which has already revolutionized our lives, has become an irreversible trend in the world economy.

◆中国有世界上最大的因特网市场。
China has the largest Internet market in the world.

◆基于高科技和因特网技术的经济是未来社会繁荣的源泉。
The economy based on high - technology and the Internet is
the source of future prosperity.

◆ 中国有越来越多的用户上网漫游。
More and more users in China began to surf on the Internet.

◆很多用户都能上因特网。
All households have internet access.

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中高级口译实践中的词组句型（内部资料）
1…….已经具备了比较良好的条件：relatively sound conditions exist for………
sound作为形容词常见的几个搭配;
(1) Having a firm basis; unshakable:基础牢固的；不可动摇的
例子：a sound foundation.牢固的基础
（2）Financially secure or safe财政上充实的或安全的：
例子：a sound economy.殷实的经济
（3）Based on valid reasoning: 合理的建立在有效推理之上的：
例子：a sound observation.合理的说法
（4）Free from logical flaws:没有逻辑错误的：
例子：sound reasoning.符合逻辑的推理
（5）Thorough; complete:彻底的；完全的：
例子：a sound flogging.狠狠的鞭打
（6）Deep and unbroken; undisturbed:深沉而不间断的；不受打扰的：
例子：a sound sleep.酣睡
（7）Marked by or showing common sense and good judgment; levelheaded:
有识别力的表现基本常识及良好判断或者具有这种特点的；头脑清醒的：
例子：a sound approach to the problem.对该问题见解正确的方法
2.推动经济和社会发展达到新的水平：raise its economic and social development to a new level
3.维护地区的和平与稳定，发展经济科技：maintain regional peace and stability, develop economy, science and technology,
4.扩大互利合作，促进共同繁荣：expand mutually beneficial cooperation, and promote common prosperity
5.。。。创造了重要的前提条件：provide an important prerequisite
6.具有相当强的经济实力：have built up significant economic strength
7.踏上。。。。航程：join the rank of ……………
rank＝（1）A body of people classed together; numbers: 群众归类在一起的人们；成员：
例子：joined the ranks of the unemployed.加入到失业大军中
（2）本句中＝A row, line, series, or range. 行列行、列、系列或行列
8.正在步入。。。。的行列：have embarked on the road of …………
road的抽象概念：be in [on] the road（to doing sth.）走上...的道路; 着手某事；There''''s no royal roadto wisdom.学识无捷径。
9.有的。。。有的。。。有的。。。some… others…, and still others…
10.为。。。提供广阔的空间：provide a broad scope for
11.以。。。为重：attach great value to sth.
12.崇尚自尊自强：uphold such virtues as self-respect and self-strengthening
13.为不断发展。。。。提供精神动力。。。。will be further boosted by the spiritual motivations
14.从政治、经济、文化、地缘等方面看，东亚都是当今世界一支不可忽视的力量。
East Asia in today’s world is a force that cannot be ignored politically, economically, culturally or geographically.
15.这样才能。。。Only by doing so can we….
16.香港社会稳定，人心稳定，经济保持稳健运行。HongKong now enjoys social stability, its residents have a sense of security and its economy is developing smoothly.
Enjoy这种用法，很有意思。
享受, 享有(特权等)；享受...的乐趣; 欣赏; 喜爱[欢]
enjoy free medical care享受公费医疗
enjoy a good health [a good income]享有健康的身体[很好的收入]
enjoy one''''s dinner津津有味地吃饭
He enjoys many privileges.他享有许多特权。
He is enjoying the cool air.他在乘凉。
17.南方私家花园中的溪，桥，山，亭，小巧玲珑，布局精美，尽显自然美，令人赏心悦目。
Small and delicate, cleverly laid out and pleasing to the eye, the streams, bridges, rockeries and pavilions of a private Chinese garden reveal a natural beauty of their own.
18. 白墙上树影婆娑，池塘中柳枝起舞，在园中徜徉的游客，也许能在这世外桃源里真正地享受片刻安宁。
Strolling about these gardens, with the tree shadows swaying on the white wall
and willow reflections dancing in the ponds, tourists may then find themselves truly
enjoying a moment of peace and relaxation in this paradise beyond the turmoil of the world.
19.这是···的第一步 This is merely the first step toward ···
20.A 进而 B: A prior to B
21.只有在这种情况下··· Only under such circumstances can···
22.因···不同而有所不同 ···vary due to the differences of···
23.我认为··· in my view，···
24.20年的改革开放大大改善了中国人民的物质生活。
20 yeats of reform and opening up have witnessed great improvement in the
material life of the Chinese people.
21.说起··· in terms of ···
该短语解释：
（1）As measured or indicated by; in units of，用…衡量或表示；用…的措辞：
distances expressed in terms of kilometers as well as miles; cheap entertainment, but costly in terms of time wasted.用公里和英里来表示距离；低廉的娱乐，但就浪费的时间来说却极昂贵
（2）In relation to; with reference to， 根据按照；就…而言：
“facilities planned and programmed in terms of their interrelationships, instead of evolving haphazardly” “按照其内在的关系来营造设施以防止其产生灾难性的进展”
22.人们都知道··· it is popularly recognized that···
23.A 孕育了B ：B owes itself to A
24.我愿在这里提出一下几点意见 I would like to offer my observations as follows
observations 的解释：
An inference or a judgment that is acquired from or based on observing. 观测结论；从观测得出的推论或判断；(观察后发表的)言论, 意见; 短评

25.本着···的原则 in accordance with the principle of ···
26.把···摆到重要位置 give priority to ···
27.···应该···，而不要··· ···instead of ···
28.人类将要迎接一个新千年。 Mankind is about to embrace a new millennium.
Embrace的解释：
（1）To surround; enclose:包围；包含：
例子：We allowed the warm water to embrace us.我们让温水包围我们
（2）To twine around:环绕，缠绕：
例子：a trellis that was embraced by vines.环绕了葡萄藤的棚架
（3）To take up willingly or eagerly乐意地或渴望地从事于：
embrace a social cause.乐意地从事于一项社会活动
（4）To avail oneself of利用：
“I only regret, in my chilled age, certain occasions and possibilities I didn''''t embrace”“我只是遗憾，在我失意的时候没有利用某些情况和某些可能”
29.···显得越来越紧迫 ···take on an even greater urgency
30.吸毒者约占全世界人口的3％。 Illicit drug consumption involves about 3 percent of the world''''s population.
31.将法网撒向毒品市场的每个环节 spread the net of justice over every link of the drug market（个人认为corner更好）
32.致富奔小康 get on the road leading to a comfortable life, reach a moderate level of prosperity
33.是···共同的心愿 ···will reflect the common aspiration of ···
34.始终 have always been···
35.这是···，也是··· This is ···。It also reflects···
36.随着时间的推移··· With the passage of time，
37.人们越来越清楚地看到··· it is even more apparent that···
38.中国的裁军决策是由中国主动作出的， China''''s disarmament decision is made out of its own will,
39.不是屈服于任何人的压力而被迫作出的。 rather than under any external pressure.
40.是以对···高度负责的精神而采取的···it is an act taken out of a high sense of responsibility for···
41.不把裁军作为迫使他国同时裁军的筹码或先决条件China has no intention whatsoever to use disarmament as a means or prerequisite to force other countries to reduce their military troops with China.
42.以自己的实际行动表达了··· show to the world with its initiative in···
43.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎。 How delightful I am to have friends coming from afar!
44.起到***的桥梁作用 serve as a bridge linking（linking一词大可不必要）
45.以长远的战略眼光审视和处理双方关系 approach and handle our bilateral relations from a long-range strategic perspective

hyde2457

46.支持东盟在地区和国际事务中发挥积极作用 be in support of a positive role by ASEAN
in regional and international affairs
47.取得了长足的进展 make considerable headway（make great stride）
48.中国与东盟各国的发展，繁荣和友好合作，前景将更加美好 there lies an even brighter future for the development,prosperity, friendship and cooperation between
China and ASEAN（是不是为cooperation on friendly basis更好，见例子：cooperate in harmony
协调地合作）
49.东海公园是一座集世界名胜之大成的主题公园，其规模为远东同类公园之冠。其复制程度之精确，形象之逼真，足可以以假乱真，令游人叹为观止。馆内的展品起自6000年前的史前工艺品，历经各个历史时期，所展示的名作和精品为数甚多。
The Donghai Park, which is the largest theme park of its kind unparalleled in the Far East, features complete collection of the well-known world scenic spots.
The tourists will find themselves engrossed in an involuntary admiration of the
dizzling arrays of the exact scenic reproductions that are unbelievably true to the original. Included in the carefully selected exhibits are a sizable number of fine works of famous artists and authors from various periods of history dating as far back as 6000 years ago
50.根据***要求 in accordance with the requirement for
51.在投资环境不断改善的条件下 as the environment for investment continues to improve（with the increasing improvement of investment environment好像更好）
52.始于曼谷的对话与合作 the dialogue and cooperation initiated in Bangkok
53.同大多数这类会议的首届会议一样，曼谷会议显得更具有象征意义和礼节性 The Bangkok conference, like most primary sessions of this type,seemed to be the more symbolic and ritualistic in its significance
54.人们更强烈希望 there are strong hopes that
55.由于 Given
56.今天合作投资，明天就会获得大丰收 To invest in that cooperation today suggests a bumper harvest tomorrow
bumper 解释：Extraordinarily abundant or full 丰盛的十分满的，丰收的，丰富的：
例子：a bumper crop of corn.玉米丰收
57.我们将在今后的3周里进行紧张而有意义的学习和交流 The next 3 weeks will see us engage in intensive and constructive studies and exchanges of options
58.书法家笔中的汉字往往以字形的夸张取得艺术效果 Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in the ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty.
59.音乐保存极为有限There is a severe limitation to the extent of music preservation
60.人类音乐传播的真正革命性里程碑的建立，这无疑是科学家们音乐的传播变得如此便捷，如此高保真。 It was the scientists who should be crowned as the founders
of the real revolutionary milestone of human musical communication.Music transmission has become something that is amazingly convenient, fast and "hi-fi supported".
61.新世纪音乐广播和音乐广播人还能有所作为吗？ What else can be done on the part of the music broadcasting industry and music boradcasters of the new century
62.除在我们这样的情况，我们自然会成为一个大市场。 Given our situation, we can''''t help but be a large market.
63.走过了十年的奋斗历程 have experienced a decade of hard struggle
64.这是我们公司走向世界的十年，也是各位默默奉献的十年。 It is a decade that has seen our company advance to the world market and a decade of your dedication without any complaint
65.把经济发展切实转到依靠科技进步和提高劳动者素质的轨道上来 set forth on the path of developing our economy by relying on scientific and technological advancements and improving the quality of our laborers
66.以适应社会对各类人才的需要 satisfy the society''''s need for all types of qualified personnel
67.只见昔日那片旧棚简屋，苇塘阡陌的浦东大地，到处是气魄非凡的摩天大楼。
One cannot but see clusters of magnificent high-rise buildings in Pudong,which used to be largely a rural area scattered with dilapidated old houses, fields of weeds, poodles and pools.
68.但高楼大厦并非浦东的全部 But high-rise buildings are not all that Pudong has.
69.近年来，浦东的整体工业快速更新，出现了六大支柱产业。 The last few years have seen a rapid upgrading of Pudong''''s industrial sector as a whole, best captured by the emergence of six pillar industries
70.这些企业和人才，正以其产业关联性和协作关系，最终带动长江流域，乃至全国数千家企业，面向国内，国际两个市场，进行一体化生产和销售，是浦东成为融中国现代化产业与使经济主流的龙头和纽带。
These enterprises and talents, through production-related association and cooperation, are expected to boost thousands of enterprises in the Yangtze River Valley, as well as in other parts of the country ,engaging in integrated production and sales for both domestic and international markets. By doing so, Pudong will function as a leader and a bridge to integrate China''''s modern industry with the mainstream of the world''''s economy.
71.几个说：
1.坦白地说Frankly speaking; To be frank; To tell the truth;
2.所以说So to speak
3.具体说Specitically
4.不用说Needless to say; not to mention;
72.一个国家的人权状况如何应该依据这个国家的老百姓能否享有政治权，文化权，受教育权以及生存权来衡量
one country''''s human rights should be estimated based on whether or not the general public of country can enjoy the political economic cultural educational and subsistence rights
73. 改革与开放专题
1．改革开放 the policy of reform and opening up
2．深化改革 intensifying(deepening) the reform
3．进一步改革开放 further reform and opening up
4．坚持改革开放 persisting in reform and opening up
5．加快改革步伐 accelerate(quicken) the pace of reform and opening up
以下段落为例：
改革已经在国家的大中型企业中逐步展开。这些大中型企业在国家经济中起着重要的作用。
可翻译为：Reform has gradually paid off in large and medium-sized state enterprises. They play an important role in the national economy.
“展开改革”可表达为：Reform has paid off, 亦可 Reform has been carried out
74. 外贸与经济特区专题
进口额：import volume major import products major imports
出口额：export volume major export products major exports
外贸顺差：surplus, favorable trade balance
贸易逆差：deficit, unfavorable balance
外贸结构：foreign trade structure
技术密集型商品：technology intensive goods labor intensive goods
75.妇女与儿童专题
解放前妇女处于社会最底层，没有说话的权利。而现在，妇女是“半边天”。 1979年开始实施的改革在政治、经济、文化、社会生活方面进一步提高了妇女的地位。中国妇女正在努力提高自己，培养自尊、自信、自立、自强的意识。
此段落的翻译比较容易。
Before liberation women were at the bottom of the social ladder, with no rights to speak of . But now women are “Half of the Sky”. The reform carried out since 1979 has further raised women’s status in political, economic, cultural, social life. Chinese women are making great efforts to improve themselves and to cultivate a sense of self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-strengthening.
关键在于“培养……意识”的翻译：
cultivate the sense of self-respect, self-confidence, self-reliance and self-strengthening
意识还可用 consciousness. 例:
- the political consciousness of women remains to be awakened and developed
- While raising the consciousness of both women and men
- Acquire / gain / arrive at a class consciousness
- Have / maintain / intensify national consciousness
76. 医药专题
“医疗卫生条件”翻译为：medical and sanitary conditions
hygiene 和sanitation 都可做“卫生”讲。但hygiene 指的是“卫生学”的。即“讲究清洁卫生，保持健康，防止治疾病”; sanitation则指“清除废料、垃圾等保持公共场所清洁卫生，无病菌”。因此，
宣传卫生常识 译成 to spread knowledge of hygiene
个人卫生 为to pay attention to personal hygiene
卫生达标 为 sanitary standards are maintained
环境卫生 为 environmental sanitation
但 “爱国卫生运动” 为 patriotic public health
“世界卫生组织” 为 World Health Organization (WHO)
77. 环保专题
有关环境保护的国际合作必须充分考虑到发展中国家的特殊情况和需要。应该记住两点：第一，对许多发展中国家来说，贫困和落后是环境恶化的根本原因；因此必须在平等的基础上开展环境保护工作，以加强南北合作为前提建立一个有利于所有国家，尤其是发展中国家经济持续发展的新的国际经济秩序。第二，对许多发展中国家来说，国内长期没有得到解决的环境问题，如沙漠化、水灾、旱灾、淡水的质量和供应等问题要比气候变化和臭氧层损耗这类全球性问题更为重要。
The special conditions and needs of the developing countries should be taken into full account in any international effort to cooperate on environmental protection. Two points should be kept in mind. First, to many developing countries, poverty and backwardness are the root cause of environmental degradation. Therefore, it is essential to put environmental protection on the basis of equality and , under the prerequisite of strengthening North-South cooperation, to establish a new international economic order conductive to the sustained economic development of all countries, developing countries in particular. Second, domestic environmental problems which have remained unresolved for a long period of time, such as desertification, floods and droughts and the quality and supply of fresh water, are more crucial to many developing countries than such global problems as climate change and ozone layer depletion.
注意：平等的基础上开展环境保护工作，译作： to put environmental protection on the basis of equality 关于平等、不平等的表达有如下：
- …eradicated the roots of political and economic inequality between men and women.
- Women enjoy equal rights with men.
Equal 可做形容词用，也可用作名次，如：
- All men are equal.
- Countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are all entitled to participate in world affairs as equal members of international community.
- Women should be man’s economic and political equal.
“平等”还可用以下词组搭配：
- This law enable women to compete on equal terms with men.
- This law enables women to compete with men on an equal footing.
- This law puts women on an equal footing with men.
“平等” 常用的动词搭配有：
achieve / bring about / establish equality

流云小驻

收藏，谢谢!

jane_gj

内容很丰富啊,涉及了各个方面,真是好东东,谢谢楼主!!

dolphin76

已收藏，谢谢！