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发表于 2009-5-29 11:59:33
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Factors contributing to emerging and reemerging infectious diseases:
1. demographic factors including population growth, migration, housing density, and distribution of population within a region;
2. social and behavioral changes such as the increased use of child care, liberalized sexual behavior, outdoor recreational pursuits, alcohol and drug use, patterns and styles of the transportation of goods, and widespread business and leisure travel;
3. advances in health care technology including modern chemotherapies, styles and institutions of health care delivery, iatrogenic immunosuppression, health care-associated antibiosis and antisepsis with consequent selective pressure and development of drug resistance, and invasive catheter techniques that introduce foreign objects either through natural orifices or parenteral routes;
4. changes in the treatment and handling of foodstuff, including mass production of nearly all food products, water processing, and use of adjunct agricultural practices such as antibiotics in animal feed;
5. climatologic changes and environmental alterations such as those associated with the El Nino ocean current centered off the coast of Peru, global warming, natural disasters such as volcanic eruptions, deforestation, and land use development (including dams, farming, irrigation, and mining) with attendant expansion of vector–reservoir–human contacts;
6. microbial evolution including natural variation, mutation, and cross-species zoonotic transmission;
7. war and/or natural disasters with the consequent breakdown of public health measures, including disease control activities, with or without economic collapse; and
8. deliberate release of microorganisms as a component of war or terrorism as with the 2001 intentional release of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. mail in 2001.
新发传染病频繁出现的主要原因
新发传染病频繁出现，原已减少的传染病重新抬头，其原因与影响因素多而复杂。概括起来，主要来自生物因素与社会因素两方面。其中，病原微生物的进化与变异起着决定性作用，而自然环境的变化则是不可缺少的催化剂。在新发传染病产生和流行的过程中，社会因素也起着推波助澜的作用。在人类改造自然，改变生态环境时，社会因素往往作用于自然而发挥作用。很多生物因素是在社会因素影响下出现的，即使是病原微生物本身的改变，如致病性的增加和对抗生素抵抗力的增强，也与社会因素有着密切相关。
1。全球变暖
2。都市化
3。旅游业的迅速发展
4。人类不良生活行为或生活方式的改变
5。战争和自然灾害
6。医源性感染
7。抗生素耐药性
8。病原体基因变异
其实，归根结底是由于人类自身的不良行为导致自然对人类的报复。 |
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发表于 2009-5-27 08:27:34
发表于 2009-5-27 08:57:58
发表于 2009-5-27 14:10:21
发表于 2009-5-29 13:25:08
非常遗憾，今天我才发现赵师傅的这个主题帖子，我想我们会有共同的话题了，先登个记，稍后来回贴……