臀部脂肪具有为神经发育存储资源的优势吗

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腰臀比与认知能力：臀部脂肪具有为神经发育存储资源的优势吗
Evolution and Human Behaviour
Volume 29, Issue 1, Pages 26-34 (January 2008)

Waist-hip ratio and cognitive ability: is gluteofemoral fat a privileged store of neurodevelopmental resources?

William D. Lassekab, Steven J.C. Gaulinb

Received 16 April 2007; accepted 26 July 2007. published online 4 October 2007.
Abstract

Upper-body fat has negative effects and lower-body fat has positive effects on the supply of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for neurodevelopment. Thus, waist-hip ratio (WHR), a useful proxy for the ratio of upper-body fat to lower-body fat, should predict cognitive ability in women and their offspring. Moreover, because teenage mothers and their children compete for these resources, their cognitive development should be compromised, but less so for mothers with lower WHRs. These predictions are supported by data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Controlling for other correlates of cognitive ability, women with lower WHRs and their children have significantly higher cognitive test scores, and teenage mothers with lower WHRs and their children are protected from cognitive decrements associated with teen births. These findings support the idea that WHR reflects the availability of neurodevelopmental resources and thus offer a new explanation for men's preference for low WHR.
Keywords: Waist-hip ratio, Cognition, Mate preferences, Fatty acids, Neurodevelopment

a Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA

b Department of Anthropology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.

PII: S1090-5138(07)00073-6

doi:10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2007.07.005
上身的脂肪对提供神经发育所必须的长链多不饱和脂肪酸有负性作用，而下半身脂肪有正性作用。因此，腰臀比，上身脂肪与下半身脂肪比例的指标，能够预测妇女及其后代的认知能力。而且，由于青少年母亲与她的孩子竞争这些资源，他们的神经发展必需互相妥协，对于低腰臀比的母亲来说相对竞争程度相对较低。这些预测得到了来自的三次国家健康与营养评估调查的资料。在控制了其它与认知能力相关的因素后，低腰臀比的女性和她们的孩子有较高的认知能力评分，而且低腰臀比的青少年母亲及其孩子较少出现因不幸的分娩造成的认知能力低下。这些发现支持腰臀比反映了神经发育资源可得性的观点，也为男性喜欢低腰臀比女性提供了一个新的解释。
发表在2008年1月份的爱思唯尔期刊《进化与人类行为》（Evolution and Human Behaviour