美国饮食习惯

tycoon

中国的饮食文化博大精深，但你可知美国也有其自己的饮食文化，本文就向你介绍一些美国人的饮食习惯。下次你到美国人家里做客就可以派上用场啦！
　　
　　The American Food Haits
　　
　　In general, American food is mild1) tasting, most Americans do not season2) their food to any great degree. Salads are very popular there and are served all year, but especially in the summer. Waiters tend to assume that everyone drinks coffee, but simply tell them if you wish something else. If a waiter says “Now or later?” he means “Do your want coffee with your meal or after it?” Many, but certainly not all, Americans drink coffee or tea with their meals. Either way is perfectly acceptable. When dining out, you can ask for tea, milk, “coke”, wine or beer if you prefer. Normally, when eating in a private home, it is considered better manners to take whatever is being served and not to ask for something different, unless the hostess gives you a choice.
　　The main course served in American meals is usually meat, fish, or poultry, but rarely is more than one of these served at the same meal. Seafood is sometimes served as a first course, however. Most Americans eat breakfast and lunch quickly unless it is a social, business, or family occasion. The evening meal, however, is usually longer and a time for the family to gather together. Rushing through daytime meals is part of the fast pace in America. Another reason for rushing through daytime meals is that many people eat breakfast and lunch in restaurants that are usually crowded with people waiting for a place so that they, too, can be served and return to work at the proper time. So each one hurries to make room for the next person. As with busy people everywhere there is a real difference between a meal that is eaten in a hurry and one that can be enjoyed with friends during one's leisure.
　　
　　Some words and phrases about American food
　　1. meat and two veg: meat, potatoes and another vegetable
　　2. vegans: people who eat no meat or animal products
　　3. convenience/prepared foods: prepared meals that need only to be heated
　　4. takeaways: or take-out food, which are food that can be prepared quickly and easily to take away, popular in Indian or Chinese restaurants
　　5. order in: have a meal delivered to one's home by a restaurant
　　6. fry-up: fried bacon, sausage and egg with fried bread
　　7.organic produce: cereals and vegetables grown without the use of chemicals
　　8.sunny-side-up(egg); over(egg); over-easy / easy-over(egg)
　　
　　Table Manners
　　1.Don't put your own utensils3) into a serving bowl. Use the utensil in the bowl to put some of the food on your own plate, and then return the serving utensil to the bowl.
　　2.Don't spit4) food anywhere. If you have bones in your mouth, take them out with your fingers and place them on the edge of your plate, never on the table or on the floor.
　　3.Don't drink soup out of the bowl. Use a spoon.
　　4.Don't reach across the table or in front of another person. Ask someone to pass whatever you want.
　　5.Don't put nut shells or fruit peeling on the floor. Put them in a plate or an ashtray, or on a table.
　6.Don't belch5) out loud. If you do, you must say: “Excuse me”quietly and go on with the conversation.
　　7. Don't sneeze or blow your nose6) anywhereexcept into a handkerchief or a Kleenex7). If you cough, cover your mouth with your hand.
　　
　　通常美国食品的口味都较为清淡，大多数美国人不会把味儿调得很重。在美国，沙拉很受欢迎，且全年都会供应，尤其是在夏季。服务生们认为每个顾客都会点咖啡，不过你要是想要点别的告诉他们就行了。若一个服务生说“现在还是稍后？”他的意思是“你的咖啡是在用餐时上还是餐后上？”许多美国人喜欢就餐时饮用咖啡或茶，当然也有人在饭后饮用，这两种方式均被人接受。在餐馆就餐时，你可以任意点茶、奶、可乐、葡萄酒或啤酒。在别人家中做客时，通常客随主便，一般不要索要主人没有提供的饮料，除非女主人让你选择。
　　在美式餐点中，主菜通常为肉类、鱼类或禽类，但一般一餐之中只会出现一道上述主菜。海鲜有时也会作为头道菜上桌。大多数美国人吃早餐和午餐的速度都很快，除非那是在社交、商务或家庭聚会的场合。晚餐则因为那是全家团聚的时刻，用餐时间通常会长些。快速用毕早餐与午餐是快节奏美国生活的一个表现。这样做的另一个原因是许多人在餐馆里吃早饭与中饭，那里通常挤满了等候餐位的人，大家都等着吃完赶回去工作，所以每个人都会迅速吃完以给他人让出地方。天下忙碌的人都一样，在闲暇时与朋友享受美食和在匆忙中草草用餐简直就是天壤之别。
　　
　　与美国食品有关的词汇与短语
　　1、一荤两素：肉、土豆加另一种素菜
　　2、素食者：不吃肉类及用动物所制成的食品的人
　　3、方便食品或预加工食品：预先加工好的食品，仅需加热即可食用
　　4、外卖食品：或称外带食品，可以很快做好且方便携带的食品，常见于印度餐馆或中餐馆。
　　5、订外卖：由餐馆递送上门的食品
　　6、煎制食品：包括煎熏肉、煎火腿、炸鸡蛋与油炸面包
　　7、有机食品：非化肥培植的谷类食品与蔬菜
　　8、一面煎鸡蛋；两面煎鸡蛋；两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状的鸡蛋
　　
　　餐桌礼仪
　　1、不要将自己的餐具放入公用的取食器皿中。应使用器皿中的用具往自己盘里加食物，然后再把用具放回去。
　　2、不要乱吐食物。若你口中含着骨头，要用指头将其取出并放在自己盘边，千万不要扔在桌上或地上。
　　3、用勺子而不是用碗直接喝汤。
　　4、不要伸手越过桌子或挡在他人前面。可以请他人为你传递所需要的东西。
　　5、不要把吃剩的壳或果皮扔在地上。应当把它们放在盘中或烟灰缸内，或者置于桌上。
　　6、不要大声打嗝。如果这样做了必须轻声道歉，而后继续谈话。
　　7、打喷嚏或擤鼻涕时应冲着手帕或纸巾。如果咳嗽，须以手掩口。
　　
　　1．mild [maIld] adj. 淡味的, 轻微的, 适度的
　　2.season [5si:zn] v. 调味
　　3．utensil [ju(5tensl] n. 器具
　　4．spit [spIt] v. 吐(唾沫), 吐出
　　5.belch [beltF] v. 打嗝
　　6.blow one's nose：擤鼻子
　　7．Kleenex [5kli:neks] n. [商标] 克里内克丝面巾纸