具副词功能的不定式动词短语

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具副词功能的不定式动词短语

● 陈清霖

　 不定式动词（the infinitive）或不定式动词短语（the infinitive phrase）的功能之一是修饰动词。这种具副词功能的不定式动词或短语，和分词短语一样，可以在句子中发挥不同作用，包括“目的、结果、原因、比较”。

　　Ⅰ. 表示目的，如：

● To learn a language well, one must make great efforts and work with tenacity.

● To prevent war, big or small, it is important to promote international understanding.

● Zhiqiang came to my office to ask a question.

● The warden walked around the building to see that nothing went wrong. 　　表示“目的”的不定式动词短语可以在句首，也可以在句尾。在句首时，可以加上“in order”；在句尾时，可以附以“so as”，如：

● In order to win the table-tennis match, the players practised day and night.

● Betty worked very hard so as to catch up with the rest of the class.

　　Ⅱ. 表示“结果”，如：

● Indonesia beat Denmark to take the first place in the badminton tournament.

● Sam passed the final examination to qualify for the next phase of study.

　　表示“结果”的不定式动词短语出现在句尾，而且经常以预料不到的情况出现，如：

● After the short meeting, they separated, never to see each other again.

● Li Qi rushed to the bus station as fast as he could, only to find the last bus already gone.

　　Ⅲ. 表示“原因”，如：

● I was really a fool not to listen to you at that critical moment.

● No gambler wins in the end and you would do well to avoid gambling of all forms.

　　Ⅳ. 表示“比较”，如：

● She opened her lips, as though to speak.

● Her friend looked at him, as if to have something important to tell him.

　　必须注意的是，含“比较”意思的不定式动词或短语前面要用“ as if ”或“as though”引导。

　　除了直接修饰谓语动词之外，不定式动词或短语还可以和介词“ with, for”连用，如：

● With nobody to help, the poor man worked late into the night.

● The police removed the road block for the cars to pass.

● With little money to be used, Judy could not buy any more expensive things.

● For a lesson to be fruitfully taught, the teacher must make thorough preparations before going to class.

● For such a scheme to work well, the staff concerned have to be devoted and effective.

● With limited power to be exercised, the new manager could get nowhere.

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