西尼罗河病毒再袭人群

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Human case of West Nile virus reported in Marion County

State health officials today reported three new human cases of the West Nile virus, including the first of the year in Marion County.


The other two were reported in Lake County, which has seen the most cases this year ?a total of six. The number of West Nile virus cases in the state for 2007 is 13, with one each reported in Floyd, LaPorte, Madison, Marion, Randolph and Vanderbilt counties.

Last month, state health officials reported a person in Floyd County died from West Nile, Indiana's first human fatality from the disease this year.

West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes that have first bitten an infected bird. A person bitten by an infected mosquito might show symptoms three to 15 days after the bite.

In 2006, 80 cases were recorded, five of them fatal. This year's weather might have been responsible for the low number of infections.

West Nile is spread from birds to humans through Culex mosquitoes, which require standing water to breed. But this year's breeding season has been dry and is nearing an end.

Mild cases can include head and body aches and swollen glands, but more severe cases can include encephalitis, meningitis, muscle paralysis and death.

Health officials warn that although individuals age 50 and older are at greatest risk for serious illness and possibly death from the West Nile virus, people of all ages have been infected with the virus and have had severe health problems.

To protect against the West Nile virus and the mosquitoes that spread the disease, Indiana health officials recommend avoiding outdoors from dusk to dawn when mosquitoes are most likely to bite. But when outdoors, use insect repellent containing DEET, picaradin or oil of lemon eucalyptus, and wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.

http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbc ... 71010023/1006/LOCAL


西尼罗病毒是什么?

西尼罗病毒是由蚊传播的疾病，常见于非洲、西亚洲和中东。第一宗在北半球的疫症，于1999年发生在纽约市。病毒能感染人、鸟、蚊子、马和其它哺乳类动物。

在世界的温带区(在南、北半球纬度23.5° 和66.5°之间)，西尼罗病毒个案主要发生在夏秋之间。在南半球的气候，西尼罗病毒可全年传播。

西尼罗病毒感染的征状包括什么?

西尼罗病毒主要影响中央神经系统。多数人没有征状(80%)。20%的人则有和症状，包括发烧、头痛、身体疼痛、恶心、呕吐和时有淋巴胀大、或在胸口、胃部和背部出疹。症状一般持续数天。

在被感染者当中， 每150人便有一人染上严重病症。包括高烧、头痛、颈部僵硬、神志模糊、错乱、昏迷、痉挛、肌肉无力、丧失视力、感觉麻木和麻痹。这些症状可持续数星期，而神经系统的受损可以是永久性。

免疫系统弱、有慢性疾病、和年龄较大的人, 一般病情都可能较重。

它是怎样传播的?

病毒是由受感染的库列蚊叮咬而传播。蚊子若吸食受感染雀鸟的血液，会因而受感染，然后经叮咬其他人类及动物而传播疾病。

在很少数个案中，病毒亦可经输血、器官移植、人乳喂哺和在怀孕期母亲传染婴孩而传播。

怎样预防西尼罗病毒感染?

到目前为止，没有有效疫苗可接种。最容易和最佳的方法是避免被蚊子叮咬。

怎样医治西尼罗病毒?

没有有效的专门治疗方法。但严重的个案，可应用支援性的治疗。

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