ＰＥＴＳ三级听力长对话

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B部分包含了四段长对话或者独白，一共15个选择题。按照大纲对三级听力的 “能够听懂英语的一般性谈话或讨论”的要求，这部分的篇幅比较长(每段对话或独白长度大约200词左右)，包含的信息量要比A部分大得多，没有上下文提示或信息重复，而且三至四个问题接踵而来，同学们往往感觉疲于应付，比起短对话部分要难一些。
　　
　　◎题型分类◎
　　
　　这部分的基本题型可以归结为以下二类：
　　
　　(一)长对话类
　　B部分的长对话是A部分的短对话的延伸，与短对话一样，在听B部分的长对话时，应注意说话人之间的信息，包括说话双方的身份、相互关系、场合等，虽然这些并不一定被考到，但是它们有助于对谈话内容的理解。A部分的短对话中的细节题比较多，而B部分的长对话中的综合性问题比较多。
　　
　　(二)独白类
　　B部分的独白的题材常常包括以下几个方面：
　　1、小故事类：一些幽默故事或者奇闻轶事等。
　　2、文化知识类：对西方文化艺术的考查和分析。
　　3、科普知识类：对某个科学研究对象或者某种现象进行解释。
　　4、人物历史类：一些著名人物的简介。
　　
　　◎做题原则◎
　　
　　无论是长对话部分还是独白部分，一定要注意以下若干做题原则。
　　1、听见什么，就选什么原则：毫无疑问，这是最重要的原则。文章中的考点和正确选项一定形成原词做答或者同义变换的关系。
　　2、顺序原则：这一点在B部分基本适用，绝大部分的对话或者独白的题目设计都是按照顺序进行设计的，也就是说，一篇文章3～4道题目，开头的题目往往出现在短文开头几句话当中，短文中间对应一至两道细节题目，短文结尾部分又会对应一道题目。
　　3、解释原则：特别适用于科普知识类，解释某一特殊现象或者某个东西的时候，一定要听懂其解释。
　　4、转折/对比原则：在听B部分的时候，要特别注意一些带有转折含义或者对比含义的表达，因为这里往往会成为考点。转折典型词汇如but, however, nevertheless, while, in fact, except for等等；对比典型词汇如compared to, unlike, instead, on the other hand, in contrast to等等。
　　5、开头+结尾原则：开头和结尾一定要听清楚，开头尤为重要。在独白或者长对话一开始的时候，一定要特别留神，因为开头即出现考题的现象相当常见。同样，结尾也很重要，虽然并不是总会出现考点，但是一般来说，仍然要特别留意。在开始念问题之前，会有一定时间的停顿，这个停顿相当重要，使得我们明确文章结束以及最后说的是什么，所以如果能抓住这么一点的话，脑子里会留下特别深刻的印象，一般尾巴题目就不容易做错了。记住一点：一定要边听边记，尤其是在最后结束的时候，如能迅速地记下一些信息，对解题非常有用。
　　另外，对于经常出现的数字、价格、时间、人物及其身份、地点等等细节一并需要牢记。
　　
　　◎实例分析◎
　　
　　长对话举例
　　W:Wake up, Erik, time to rise and shine.
　　M:Huh, Oh, hi, Jane. I must have fallen asleep while I was reading.
　　W:You and everyone else. It looks more like a campground than a library.
　　M:Well, the dorm is too noisy to study in and I guess this place is too quiet.
　　W:Have you had any luck finding a topic for your paper?
　　M:No, Professor Grant told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology. For once I wish she hadn’t given us so much of a choice.
　　W:Well, why not write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico. You seem to be interested in that part of the world.
　　M:I am, but there is too much material to cover. I’ll be writing forever, and Grant only wants five to seven pages.
　　W:So then limit it to one region of Mexico. Say the Yucantan. You’ve been there and you said it’s got lots of interesting relics.
　　M:That’s not a bad idea. I brought plenty of books and things back with me last summer, that would be great resource material. Now if I could only remember where I put them?
　　
　　1.What was the man doing when the woman approached him?
　　A) Reading. B) Sleeping.
　　C) Doing research. D) Planning a trip.
　　2.What seems to be the man’s problem?
　　A) He can’t sleep at night.
　　B) He can’t find a quiet place to study.
　　C) He can’t narrow down his research topic.
　　D) He can’t find enough information for his research paper.
　　3. What’s known about Professor Grant?
　　A) She has been to Mexico.
　　B) She assigns long research papers.
　　C) She teaches cultural anthropology.
　　D) She collects ancient relics.
　　4.Why doesn’t the man want to write about the ancient civilizations of Mexico?
　　A) It would require a trip to Mexico.
　　B) It’s too broad a topic to research.
　　D) He’s not interested in that part of the world.
　　
　　解析：长对话往往发生在两名学生之间，涉及学习、校园生活等方面。
　　1、根据顺序原则，我们可知此题考点在开头，根据男生的话：I must have fallen asleep while I was reading. (我一定是看书的时候睡着了。)可选出B。
　　2、根据男生的抱怨：For once I wish she hadn’t given us so much of a choice.(我真希望她没有给我们这么多的选择。)说明他没法把研究的选题范围缩小(He can’t narrow down his research topic)，答案选C。
　　3、根据文章中出现的人名Professor Grant要他们写有关人类学的文章(Professor Grant told us to write about anything in cultural anthropology.) 可以判断出她教授人类学的课程，答案选C。
　　4、根据男生的抱怨：there is too much material to cover. I’ll be writing forever.(材料太多了，我没法写。)说明研究的选题范围太大太广(It’s too broad a topic to research.)，答案选B。
　　
　　独白举例
　　Wilt Chamberlain is retired now, but he used to be a famous basketball player. He set sixty-five different records, and still holds many of them. During the final years of his career, he drew a large salary and became very wealthy. He even built himself a $1.5 million house. Yet, despite his personal success, he led his teams to only one championship. His teams often won enough games to qualify for the final rounds, but they almost always lost in the finals. As a result, Wilt became determined to win one more championship before he retired. In 1972, while Wilt was playing against a New York team, he fell down and hit his wrist on the floor. He felt pain immediately and knew that he had hurt himself badly. When a doctor examined Wilt, he confirmed Wilt’s fears. He told Wilt that he had broken a bone in the wrist and that he could not play any more. Wilt ignored his doctor’s advice. The next night, with his many fans watching in amazement, he not only played the entire game, but he was outstanding. His team won the game and the championship. Wilt had his wish—to be a winner one last time.
　　
　　11.Why was Wilt Chamberlain considered a famous basketball player?
　　A) Because he led his teams to many championships.
　　B) Because he set 65 different records.
　　C) Because he still played the game after he retired.
　　D) Because he didn’t stop playing even when he was seriously injured.
　　12.What happened to Wilt Chamberlain in 1972?
　　A) He lost the final chance to win a championship.
　　B) He was knocked out during one contest.
　　C) He broke a bone in his wrist during a match.
　　D) He was awarded with a $1.5 million house.
　　13.What was Wilt Chamberlain determined to do before he retired?
　　A) To break the previous records.
　　B) To buy a luxury house.
　　C) To win one more championship for his team.
　　D) To play against the New York team once again.
　　
　　解析：本文属于第四种独白题型，介绍美国NBA著名传奇球星张伯伦的篮球生涯。(为方便对应做题，文章中的考点以不同颜色标出)
　　11、此题根据顺序原则，我们知道应该是开头提出的考点。短文第一句话先介绍了张伯伦的篮球运动员的身份，随后就说明“He has set sixty-five different records”(他拥有65项NBA的记录)。根据视听一致，听到什么选什么原则，我们可以选出B。
　　12、此题属于细节题目，考生如能注意到1972年这个特殊的时间，即可选出正确答案，在问题的提示下，可以选出C。
　　13、根据顺序原则，最后一句话：Wilt had his wish — to be a winner one last time.(Wilt实现了他的愿望，最后再当一次冠军)，答案选C。
　　
　　◎注意事项◎
　　1、多听合适的听力材料：包括①各种考试真题和模拟题的录音带；②英美广播电台(如VOA，BBC，CNN等)；③大学英语一、二年级的教材等。总之，听力材料应根据个人水平选择，听的时候注意精听和泛听的结合。
　　2、尽量多跟读标准的英语，而非泛泛地听：口语提高了，听力自然也会提高。可借助多种媒介跟读标准的英语，这样能强化语音语调，自然适应和学习地道的发音规则。
　　3、多进行速记和记忆方面的训练： B部分要求考生在很短的时间内记住听到的重要信息，这需要很强的短期记忆能力。考生可掌握一些速记的方法，比如利用缩略词、符号、首字母等记下重要的数字、时间、地点、中心词等。
　　4、全面提高英语水平：提高英语听力水平单靠听并不能解决问题。听力水平的高低还与考生所掌握的词汇量、对语法结构的熟悉程度、知识面、理解能力、甚至阅读速度密切相关。