the difference between the usage of "reason" and "

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1) The reason (noun) means the basis or motive for an action, decision, or conviction. You may compare it to because or the why of something.
It is also the underlying fact that provides reasoned sense for a something that was said as a proposition upon which an argument is based .

2) The reasoning is a gerund (noun derived from a verb) and it is used to indicate the evidence that supports a thought or argumentation.