推荐－化学英语词汇（申请威望）

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推荐－化学英语词汇

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A-B
Accuracy: Freedom from error. How close a measured quantity is to the true value.
Acid: A substance that produces H3O+ (H+) when it is dissolved in water. A proton donor. An electron pair acceptor.
Acid Ionization Constant Ka: Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA] for the equilibrium, HA <=> H+ + A-.
Acid Rain: Rain made acidic by dissolved sulfur and nitrogen oxides.
Acid Salt: A salt of a partially neutralized polyprotic acid; for example NaSO4 and NaHCO3.
Acid Base Indicator: A dye with one color below a narrow pH range on the acid side and a different color for the range on the basic side.
Acidic Solution: A aqueous solution in which [H+] > [OH-]
Actinide Elements (Actinide Series): Elements 90-103.
Activated Complex: The chemical species that exists with partly broken and partly formed bonds in the transistion state.
Activation Energy: the minimum kinetic energy that must be possessed by the reactants in order to give an effective collision (one that produces the products).
Addition Polymer: A polymer that forms from monomers by an addition process without the monomers losing any of their structural parts.
Addition Reaction: An organic reaction in which a molecule of one reactant (e.g., H-H) adds to a double (or triple) bond of another reactant.
Alcohol: An organic compound whose molecules have the  group attached to a carbon having only single bonds.
Aldehyde: An organic compound with the  group attached to a carbon having only single bonds.
Alkali Earth Metals (Alkalis): Elements in Group IIA.
Alkane: A hydrocarbon whose molecules have only single bonds.
Alkene: A hydrocarbon whose molecules have one or more double bonds.
Alkyl Group: An organic group of atoms consisting of an alkane less one of its hydrogen atoms( e.g., CH3-, Methyl; CH3CH2-, ethyl).
Allotrope: One of the two or more forms of an element.
-Amino Acid: One of about 20 monomers of polypeptides all having the general structure:  where G is a sidechain group (or H).
-Helix: A secondary structure of polypeptides in which the chain is twisted in a right-handed coil that is stabilized by hydrogen bonds.
Alpha Particle: The nucleus of a helium atom--two protons and two neutrons--emitted by radioactive decay. Its symbol is 42He
Alpha Radiation: A stream of alpha particles produced by radioactive decay.
Alum: A double salt with the general formula: M+M3+(SO4)2 · 12H2O; for example, KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O.
Amalgam: A solution of a metal in mercury.
Amide: An organic compound whose molecules have a carbonyl-nitrogen group:
Amine: An organic compound with one, two, or three hydrogen carbon groups joined by single bonds to a nitrogen atom.
Amorphous Solid: A noncrystalline solid. It lacks the long-range order found in crystals. A glass.
Ampere (A): The SI unit for electric current; one coulomb per second.
Amphoteric Compound: A compound that can react either as an acid or as a base.
Amphoteric Oxide: An oxide that will neutralize either an acid or a base.
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