??二)、用法搭配方面的错误
??1、介词
介词主要涉及用法与搭配,是短文改错中出现频率最高,也是考生最易失分的一类题型,要在这类题型的辨错改错上有所突破,考生必须注意平时介词用法知识的积累。在改错中,请注意从以下几个方面辨认。
①介词与动词的搭配。如:accuse sb.of,charge sb. with,prevent sb. from,prohibit sb.from, differ from,contribute to等。
②介词与名词的搭配。如: count on,influence on,improve on,belief in,confidence in, advantage over,preference over,attitude to,solution to等。
③介词与形容词的搭配。如:different from,indifferent to,dependent on,independent of,guilty of,innocent of,persistent in,proficient in等。
??④由介词引起的短语。如:in contrast,in turn,in the long run,by means of,in terms of,on good/bad terms with,on the contrary,by chance,by turns等。
??2、成语
短文改错的命题标的也常对准各类成语,尤其是成语中的介词、冠词和名词的单复数形式等。这类错误的出现频率也较高。
①介词错误。如:take pride for(→in),abide to(→by),persist on(→in),have no ear to(→for)等。
②冠词错误。如:in the contrast(in contrast),all of sudden(all of a sudden),keep a pace with(keep pace with)等。
③名词单复数。如:take turn(take turns),make friend with(make friends with), keep/ break one's words(keep/break one's word)等。
??5、句型。这类错误主要涉及:
??①动词句型
主要是带复杂宾语的动词的固定搭配模式。如:find it neccessary to do th,spend sometime(in)doing sth,make sb.do sth.,leave sth.to sb.,be seen to do/doing sth.等。
??②传统句型
即传统语法概念上与动词有关的句子模式。主要有以下几类:
a)省略句型。如
??While watch TV,they heard someone upstairs shout“Fire! Fire!”(watch→watching)
??b)动词非谓语形式作主语、宾语。有时需用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如:This is no good arguing with him.(This→It)
??We think that necessary to have the bridge built first.(that→it)
??在复合宾语中,有时可直接用动名词作宾语;动名词或动词不定式可以作主语,但动词原形则不能直接充当句子主语。如:
??The new policy made to make our ends meet possible.(to make→making)
Know only the rules is not enough.(Knows→Knowing或To know)
??6.语气、语态、时态
这类错误在数量上所占比例极少,主要是虚拟语气的用法错误、被动语态的误用及过去时与现在时的混用。
2、代词
代词错误是短文改错中出现频率较高的几类错误之一,几乎每套试题中都有。主要涉及:
①指代错误。主要是第三人称代词指代的误用;不定代词one和those与人称代词you和them的混用及指人与指物的误用等。
②关系代词的误用。主要为that与which、who与which、as与which的误用;what与that的混用。
③形式代词it与this、that的误用。如:
find this important to preview the lesson(这里的this应改为形式宾语it)。
④不定代词的误用。主要为不定代词与指示代词these或人称代词的误用,如somone /sombody、everyone /everybody被误用作复数指代;some-、any-类合成代词与no-类合成代词的混用等。
3、名词的数
这类错误主要涉及:
①可数名词与不可数名词概念的混淆;
②需用复数时误用单数;
③不规则复数名词的曲折变化形式错误等。如:find a work→find a job,these phenomenon→these phenomena
4、冠词
主要为:
①该用冠词时漏用;
②不该用冠词时赘用;
③the与a/an误用;
④a与an混用。如:tell truth→tell the truth,give a rise to→give rise to
5、主谓一致
这类错误常被设计在句型较为复杂的结构中,要特别小心。常见以下几种情况:
①主语较长或谓语动词离主语较远:
The child,being taken care of by its grandparents,are deaf and mute.(are→is)
②倒装句:
Standing in a line along the corridor is3 groups of young pioneers who will set out on an expedition.(is→are)
③定语从句:
The book many students found interesting that were written by a famous American scientist came out only last month.(were→was)
④特殊句型:
There are no denying the facts and there are no facts that can be turned a blind eye to either.(第一个are→is)