1. For more than a quarter of a century, evidence has been increasing that children's exposure to violence on television has long-lasting effects on their behavior.
a quarter (of)“四分之一”,如:a quarter of a pound(四分之一磅);a quarter of a century(四分之一世纪);a quarter of a mile(四分之一英里);a quarter (of a dollar) (25美分);a quarter of a million(25万);a quarter (of an hour)(15分钟)。
…that children's exposure to violence on television…
that 引导的是一个同位语从句,这个同位语从句没有直接跟在名词evidence的后面,而是被has been increasing隔开了。同位语的作用是对它所说明的名词作进一步解释,说明这个名词指的是谁或什么。如:
1)I had no idea that he told us a lie. (我不知道他对我们说了谎话。)
2)You have to produce enough evidence that he is guilty.(你得拿出足够的证据说明他有罪。)
3)There was little possibility that they would succeed. (他们成功的可能性极小。)
4)There can be no doubt that TV violence affects children. (毫无疑问,暴力电视节目对儿童有不良影响。)
exposure to “暴露于…”,如:
1)The best part of the job was her constant exposure to books.(她这个工作的最大优点是能经常接触书籍。)
have an effect on “对…有作用(影响)”,如:
1)Constant rain had much effect on the harvest. (持续的降雨对收成有很大的影响。)
2)The cement factory has much effect on the environment.(水泥厂对环境的影响很大。)
3)His persuasion had little effect on her.(他的劝说对她没什么作用。)
2.…the amount of television time allocated each week to violent programs increased significantly.
…the number of violent acts on television…has increased…。