(English lesson 2)
第二个要懂的是怎样运用 tenses 。因为市面上的 tenses 的书太多了，所以我不用解释各种 tenses 的功用。我要解释的是如何运用这些 tenses 。所以这里请－－
“怎样写英文作文”
1。一般上，每个时候写英文作文都是用 past tense .
(a)“久久发生一次的事件”
a.描写火灾的经过
b.野餐
c.旅行
d.描述各种事情
－－－去电影院看电影，遇到小偷
(b) 故事
－－－ 故事都是描述过去发生的事情
白雪公主
一个老农夫
老人与海
在用 past tense 的时候，很自然的，要用到 “已经” 这个字，我们就用 past perfect tense (过去已经) ----had done , had gone , had bought 。 要用到“正在”这个字，很自然的，我们会用 past progressive/continuous tense (过去正在〕－－－ was swimming , was running , was watching 。
也可以用所有 past tense 的 passive（你要用华文字来理解）
past tense 的 passive:
（你要用华文字来理解什么是 past tense 的 passive ）（不过 past tense 的范围比较容易，只要有 past这个字的就是属于 past tense）
Simple Past Tense (Passive)
Past continuous/ progressive tense (passive)
Past perfect tense (passive)
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2。偶而，会用 present tense .
A.介绍的文章
介绍家里的成员
－－－ My mother is a housewife .
介绍某某人
－－－ Ali is a farmer. He is very hardworking. Every day he wakes up very early in the morning.
B. 其他可以用 present tense 的例子
－－－－每个星期的某一天，你去做的东西。
比方说，每个星期六，我去学弹钢琴。每个星期六，我去学弹绘画/ 学笆蕾舞/ 上英文课。 每个星期天，我去上教堂。。。。
C.学院或者大学的作文，一般上都是用 present tense。
比方说，介绍水力发电站。介绍金融体系。介绍管理体系。因为基本上，它是属于介绍的作文，好像 a.（介绍家里的成员〕，和 b.（介绍某某人〕 一样。
除非，我们在文章的某个段落提到“过去”发生的事情。比方说“在过去，这家公司进口了多少货”，那么我们就要用 past tense 。不过也只是在这个小部份用 past tense 而已。整篇，我们都用 present tense 。
同样的，当你用 present tense 的时候 ，你提到“正在”，你用 present progressive/continuous tense (现在正在〕---- is swimming , is running , are watching 。 当你提到“已经”，你用present perfect tense (现在已经〕---- has drunk , have added , have gone .
也可以用所有 present tense 的 passive
present tense 的 passive:
（你要用华文字来理解什么是 present tense 的 passive ）
Simple Present Tense (Passive)（每天，时常）
Present Continuous /Progressive Tense (Passive) （正在）
Simple Future Tense (Passive) （将来）
Present Perfect Tense (Passive) （已经，一直）
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(3) 有时候，你可以自由选择要用 哪一个 tense
题目：“去夜市”
用 present tense
你可以说你每个星期的某一天都去夜市逛。
不过，你要强调 every 这个字 －－－－ Every Saturday , I go to night market.
还有，用 every 来形容时间的时候，不可以用 the 这个字，所以你不可以写 ‘the night market ’。（正确的句子：I go to church every Sunday. )
用 past tense
你可以说 上个礼拜六我去夜市。
(I went to the night market last Saturday.)
只要不是形容时间的every ，你可以用 the 。
其他可以自由选择要用 哪一个 tense的题目
>>“去图书馆”
有的人说逛百货公司也可以符合这一项啊，因为我每一个星期天我的父母会带我到百货公司，或者每一个月的一天会带我到百货公司。理论上对，可是教育观点上，他不会允许你说每一个星期、每一个月去百货公司，浪费钱、浪费宝贵的光阴。所以你这样写的话，老师可能改你错，我们没有必要跟自己的分数过不去。
－－－在这种题目上，要有逻辑。你不可以说每一天都遇到小偷，或者每个星期的某一天都会遇到小偷。
你也不可以说每一天都遇到火灾。你也不可以说每一个星期的某一天都去逛百货公司。
所以；遇到小偷，遇到火灾，逛百货公司，都应该用 past tense （过去〕
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“怎样把两个句子连起来”
很多人会想，这个很容易，不就是用 because , when , unless 吗？不是的，高级的用法是 when , who , whom , which , whose , ….
一个作文里面，如果单纯只是单一的句子，会感到很沉闷。所以我们要把它们连起来。
比方说，
who
1.She has an uncle. He is very rich.
= She has an uncle who is very rich.
which
1.This is the book. I bought the book yesterday.
= This is the book which (or that) I bought yesterday.
whose
1. A child is called an orphan. His parents are dead.
= A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.
好了，现在给你看一些范文，看这些范文不是要求你写得像范文一样好。而是让你受到文学的熏陶，让你感受到文学的美，让你感受到作文也可以写得这样的，对写作感到兴趣，开始写作。
这些范文是马来西亚不会华文的华人子弟写的，他们都是中学生，他们没有一个管道给他们比赛作文，因此他们只有投稿到报章上。
‘Teenage Life’
Have anyone of you ever thought of how limited your teenage life is? Ever sat down to think about what you would do for a living in the future? Or have you thought about your achievements so far?
We don’t have a lot of time ---- the teenage years last only seven years. And when it’s gone, it’s gone beyond recall. Will you realise that life is passing you by in time to do something about it?
I came to realise this when all my friends started leaving to pursue whatever they wanted or what their parents wanted. Okay. I still have my members. But deep inside I know that it won’t last much longer as everyone will graduate soon. You can always make new friends. But will it ever be the same? You probably will feel miserable and regretful at first. I did. But these feelings will soon pass. Crying won’t help a bit. Things have to go on, no matter what.
When all the bad feelings subside, it is time to move on.
Growing up is inevitable. Even those pesky younger brothers/sisters will eventually grow up. Everything new will fall into place, sooner or later depending on how adaptable a person is. But it will never be the same again.
That is all I want to say about teenage life.
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‘Nickname’
I am quite handsome, kind of smart, too... And most of all I think I am a nice person. I was popular in high school and doing not too badly with my current colleagues. Things seemed fine. But with the many supporters I had, I had just as many detractors.
But that is the way it is! Yes, the “shorties”, the “dorks”, the “uncool” are often painted as the victims. But so is everyone else. The pretty ones are “slutty”, the confident ones “bitchy”, the smart ones “dont have a life”, etc. I am sure it is all familiar --- be honest, no one is spared the taunts, ridicule and gossip – unless you have lived a near invisible existence throughout your life.
It is really unfair to blame others for ones own inability. So you were the strongest, the smartest, the happiest one in school, big deal! Somehow everyone is, too. When you go out, you are made fun and given the nicknames, it is the same! Arent you also the tool which is made fun by others?
I am sure many of us were teased when we were young, becoming the laughing stock of many for simple reasons, some of which seem baseless as you grow older. Whether it was your name, your style of walking or even the shape of your ears.
There is a big difference between mean-spirited ridicule of a person and a sense of humour. Your words can poison or touch lives. People will forget what you say, but they will never forget how your words make them feel.
Jokes are no longer jokes if you are hurting someone to make yourself feel superior or better. Treat others as you want to be treated. Each time you have the urge to make fun of someone, climb into his skin and walk around in it.
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网上读书天地论坛
English lesson 1
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37309&fpage=1
English lesson 2
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37310&fpage=1
English lesson 3
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37311&fpage=1
English lesson 4
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37312&fpage=1
English lesson 5
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37313&fpage=1
English lesson 6
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37314&fpage=1
English lesson 7
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37315&fpage=1
English lesson 8
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37319&fpage=1
English lesson 9
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37320&fpage=1
English lesson 10
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37321&fpage=1
English lesson 11
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37322&fpage=1
English lesson 12
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37323&fpage=1
English lesson 13
http://www.readfree.net/bbs/read.php?tid=37325&fpage=1 |
发表于 2004-9-25 10:52:54
