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发表于 2004-8-24 21:17:42
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用"白象"和"白翎"做商品牌子好吗?
我国一些产品牌子的英文译名,原意虽好,但因不符合英语国家的习俗而事与愿违.譬如说白象牌电池,看了英文译名我怀疑这个牌子的电池能否打入国际市场,先不提能否畅销.White elephant是指花钱买的废物的,不久就成为累赘的东西.可以想象人们看到White Elephant的中国产品时会怎么想.还有用"白翎"做牌子的钢笔;这个名字倒挺高雅,但译成英语却是White Feather,而它在英语中是有贬意的.例如短语to show white feather是"示弱","临阵脱逃"的意思.可以骂别人是a chicken或a coward(懦夫),要是收到一根白羽毛,那就比挨骂还受侮辱.靠这种不令人愉快的牌子去推销支怎么样呢?几年前天津一家钟表厂生产的出口闹钟取名"雄鸡",英译名却是Cock,一些native speakers看了无不当笑料谈论.原来cock在俚语里是"阳具".后来该厂把牌子改为同样表示"雄鸡"的Rooster.另一个有趣的例子是有一年某市友谊商店展销床上用品,货架上着一条宣传横幅,上面有两个字Happy Hour.很明显,商店的原意是想说"顾客在我店床上用品柜台选购称心如意的商品是个令人愉快的时光".而在英语中happy hour通常是指下班后到吃饭前一到两个小时内,酒吧的酒水售价比其他时间便宜的"快乐时光".我们可以想象native speakers看到床上用品和Happy hour会产生什么联想!所以,只考虑语言,不兼顾英语国家的文化是任何学习和使用英语的人应该忌讳的.
不要随便用aunt
在汉语里,象"叔叔"."伯伯"."师傅"一样,"阿姨"如此广泛使用以至到了混乱的地步.The ohter day two kind aunts took me to the hospital after the car accident.English-speaking people听了真可以理解为"你的两个好心的姨妈".所以,不如把aunts改为women。此外,英语国家的孩子称呼别的孩子的父母,一般只是客气地用称呼语Mr,Mrs,而不把aunt,uncle接上姓当称呼语用,这跟中国情况不同。
Can "price" be cheap?
下面这句话中的典型错误表现在哪里呢?
I found not only the shop assistants had good manners but also the price of goods in that store was much cheaper.
“价钱贵或便宜"是汉语,但英语中cheap和expensive只修饰商品.货物,而用high 和low来修饰price,wages,costs(成本),payments(报酬)等。所以,例句中的cheaper应该改为lower.
"玩"并不都是play
Last Sunday she went out and played with him.
汉语里常听到"跟谁出去玩".但是"玩"可不都是像上面句中的play.应该记住Children play with each ohter/together,但换了adults就不行了.用正确的英语表达错句想说的意思可以是She was out with him last Sunday and they enjoyed themselves.又如我们常听到的"这个周末你愿意来我家玩吗?"决不能说Would you like to some to my house and play this weekend with family/in my house?还譬如,我们常说:"我们在北戴河玩几天,用英语表达可以是We spent a few days enjoying ourselves in Beidaihe或者是We spent a few days enjoying ourselves in Beidaihe或者是We spent a few days in Bedaihe and we had fun ther.总之,千万不要直译.
一天一个学生造句说:Both my parents were away on a business trip.I was left alone at home,so I could only play with myself.很清楚,她想说"没有在家,只有自己跟自己玩."美国教员听了表情尴尬,又不便多解释,只是说native speaker会把play with oneself理解为masturbate(手淫),并把该字写在黑板上让学生自己去查.由此可见用play with时要小心.
非说warmly congratulate 不可吗?
We warmly congratulate the soft opening of Sara Hotel.(我们热烈祝贺莎华饭店试营业。)
这句话有两个错误。我们不少人常把汉语的“热烈祝贺”译成warmly congratulate,认为副词warmly加强了congratulate;其实不然,英语中身的意思已经足够,用别的修饰反而分散读者或听者的注意力,从而削弱了主要意思。错误之二是congratulate接人或单位或国家,但不直接跟所祝贺的事。又譬如He congratulated what we had achieved也不正确。正确的用法是congratulate somebody on/for something,所以刚才话应改为: We congratulate on the soft opening of Sara Hotel 及He congratulated us on/for what we had achieved.下面再请看三句正确的句子以加深印象。
When we learned about their success, we sent them a telegram to congratulate them.
I congratulated her for her new discovery.
My classmates congratulated me on my birthday.
复数名词congratulations常用做祝贺词,如:Congratulations! It’s your silver wedding anniversary, isn’t it?但要注意,英美人结婚,如对新郎说congratulations!他必会很高兴地说Thanks或其他表示谢意的话,但千万不要对新娘也说Congratulations,这样她反而会不愉快,认为你说她“骗到一个好丈夫”。对新娘的祝贺可以是I wish you every happiness(我祝你永远幸福)。从这个例子再次看到了不同民族的文化上的区别。
又一个典型的Qinglish例子
A: Where did you get the meaning of the phrase?
B: I simply guessed the meaning out.
初学者喜欢按中国话习惯把“猜出来”套在英语里,结果一个不符合习惯的guess something out。Guess既有“猜测”又有“猜出”的意思。应该记住guess后面直接加宾语就可以。可以说guess one’s age, guess the cause(猜测原因),guess the outcome(猜测结果),guess someone’s thought等等。当然,跟从句也可以,就是不要说guess out。
Make friends with somebody“是交朋友”吗?
回答是既“是”也“不是”。如果用在下面这句话里就错了:
Diana has been making friends with Harmon for three months; however, to my knowledge, nothing serious has yet happened.(Diana和Harmon朋友交了三个月了,但据我所知他们仍然保持着一般关系。)
这句话初学者用make friends with somebody来表示汉语里的“谈恋爱交朋友”的典型错误。Make friends with somebody是“结识某人”,“和某人友好”的“交朋友”。在接触过程中当然有可能发展成恋爱以至婚姻关系,但这不是这个短语的原意。下面两句话里make friends with用法都正确。
Wherever he goes he makes friends(他走到哪儿,交朋友到哪儿。)
I simply can’t make friends with my next-door neighbor. He seems to be always cold to others.(我简直没法跟隔壁邻居交朋友wb对人好象总是冷冰冰的。)
有人把男女交往的“交朋友”译成be in love, 这也不恰当,那说明已有恋爱关系,或一方对另一方已产生爱情。我们认为接近英语的说法是date(with) somebody/have a date with somebody/see somebody/ go out with somebody/ go out on a date with somebody.譬如说:
A: How’s Ben?
B: He’s going out with Susan frequently. (他经常和Susan约会。)
需要指出的是,由于文化传统不同,在西方国家为了了解异性,认识自己,接触社会,学习如何处世,男女青年在家长帮助下,较早地开始与异性交际,有dates,但不意味着在谈恋爱。当然,年龄增长后,经常固定date某一个人,也就是go steady with somebody,一般会发展成恋爱或婚姻关系。所以我们前面指出用date等词语来表示汉语的“谈恋爱的交朋友”较好。
不少中国学生用appointment来取代date是不恰当的。前者通常是指“与别人谈工作、谈生意或与医生、理发师等事先约定的见面”。请比较下面两句:
She has an appointment with the dentist this afternoon.
She has a date with the dentist this afternoon.
第一句是:她和牙医预约好了下午去看病。
第二句是:她跟她那牙医朋友下午有约会。 |
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