To Autumn

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To Autumn
《秋颂》

John Keats J.
济慈（1795-1821）

作者简介：
   英国19世纪浪漫主义的重要诗人。他出生在伦敦一个马车店主之家。父母早丧，少年辍学。曾学医谋生，后弃医从文。1816年发表处女作《哦，孤独》，1818年长诗《安狄米恩》出版，遭到保守派的尖锐的评击，也受到著名诗人拜伦和雪莱的重视与鼓励。从此，他诗情奔放，一泻千里，写出了大量脍炙人口的名篇，如长诗《伊莎贝拉》和抒情诗，《希腊古瓮颂》，《夜莺颂》，《秋颂》等，奠定了他在英国文学史上的崇高地位。是时，诗人身患肺结核，1820－1821年赴意大利旅游养病,不幸早逝,葬于罗马。死时年仅25岁。
作品赏析：
   诗人开篇就抓住了秋的实质—成熟，然后他再由此展开想象，把读者的目光从湛蓝的晴空带到挂着藤蔓的屋檐，从房前的老树到成熟的田野。诗人着力描写秋天成熟的果实：紫色的葡萄，鲜红的苹果，金黄的葫芦，黑褐的榛子，伴随着欢唱的蜜蜂和迟开的花朵，一幅绚丽多姿的初秋美景就鲜明生动地展现在眼前。
To Autumn
1
Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness,⑴
Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,⑵
Conspiring with him ⑶how to load and bless
With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;⑷
To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,
And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;
To swell the gourd, and plump the hazel shells
With a sweet kernel; to set budding more,
And still more, later flowers for the bees,
Until they think warm days will never cease,
For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.
2
Who hath not seen thee oft⑸ amid thy store?
Sometimes whoever seeks abroad⑹ may find
Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,
Thy hair sort-lifted by the winnowing wind;
Or on a half-reap'd furrow sound asleep,⑺
Dows'd with the fume of poppies, while thy hook
Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers.
And sometimes like a gleaner thou dost keep
Steady thy laden head across a brook;
Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,
Thou watchest the last oozings ⑻hours by hours.
3
Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,
While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,⑼
And touch the stubble-plains with rosy hue;
Then in a waiful choir the small gnats mourn
Among the river sallows,⑽ borne aloft⑾
Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;
And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn;⑿
Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble ⒀soft
The red-breast whistles form a garden-croft;⒁
And gathering swallows twitter in the skies.
注释：
(1)Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness: 雾气弥漫、果实成熟丰饶的季节（指秋天）。
(2)Maturing sun：使万物成熟的太阳。
(3)him：指太阳。在这里，诗人把秋天和太阳都人格化，因此，conspiring这词的运用就颇具幽默感。
(4)bless/with fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run： 这半句的正常语序是：bless the vines that run round the thatch-eves with fruit，意为：赐福给屋檐周围的葡萄藤累累的果实。
(5)oft： 即为often（古英语词）。
(6)seeks abroad：到户外去走一走。
(7)on a half reap'd furrow sound asleep： 这个句子的前半句在第二、三行，即whoever/may find/Thee sound asleep on a half reaped furrow。
(8)oozings: 徐徐滴下的果汁。
(9)barred clouds bloom the soft dying day：傍晚的天空飘动着艳丽的带状云彩.barrow带状的，条形的，the soft dying day，白昼静静地逝去,bloom，使艳丽;开花。
(10)Sallows： 柳树，柳枝。
(11)Borne alft：高飞。Borne 是bear的过去式，意为：运动，转向：aflot，高高地。
(12)And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn：意为羔羊篚了， 在山坡上大专地吁吁叫。Bourn，地区，领地。
(13)Treble：最高音。
(14)Garden-croft：宅旁的园地。