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[[资源推荐]] 看看人家用英语就赚了我们多少钱:The language business in China-From"T

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发表于 2006-4-18 18:26:58 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
The language business in China

English beginning to be spoken here
Apr 12th 2006 | SHENZHEN
From The Economist print edition

The market for English-language education in China is huge. The profits are not

“MY MOTHER used to be an engineer, but now she's a housewife. I don't like her job. I want to be a designer. I like to think up new ideas.” Not the words of a young British or American child, but a nine-year-old Chinese girl in Shenzhen city, southern China. And Shun Yushun is no prodigy. She is typical of her English First school, one of 68 on the mainland started by a Swedish-owned language-teaching chain.

Yushun belongs to a new generation in a country where older folks, deprived of education during the Cultural Revolution, speak almost no English at all. Even young adults struggle, having passed through an archaic school system that still insists on the brute memorisation of words and grammar. Zhang Jin, a 24-year-old from remote
Guizhou province, studied English from the age of 12 and then for four years at uanan University. But she has trouble putting a sentence together.

Today the Chinese are obsessed with English. Anything up to a fifth of the population is learning the language. As Gordon Brown, the British finance minister, observed on a trip to China last year, in two decades China's English speakers will already outnumber native English speakers in the rest of the world. This is fuelling a market that comprises everything from books, teaching materials and tests to teacher training and language schools themselves. At $60 billion a year, China is already the world's largest market for English-language services, estimates Mari Pearlman at ETS, an American group that developed TOEFL, a well-known test of English-language proficiency.

The bulk of this, she says, is spent on teaching materials: dictionaries, language textbooks and classroom aids. Most of these are supplied by the education arms of foreign companies in partnership with local firms. Macmillan has sold more than 100m school textbooks in China with its partner FLTRP, which has a fifth of the market and is the leading Chinese publisher of English-language books. Longman (which belongs to Pearson, part-owner of The Economist), Oxford University Press and HarperCollins have popular bilingual dictionaries, while Thomson Learning has licensed its teaching materials to People's Education Press.

Never too young to learn

Demand for textbooks has been boosted by the government's recent lowering (from 12 to nine) of the age at which primary-school pupils start to learn English, and many eastern cities have begun teaching it at six. On some estimates, English texts now account for up to one-fifth of the country's entire book sales. Though foreign publishers must license books to Chinese publishers, almost half the English-teaching market involves the purchase of foreign copyright.

There is also an increasing call for high-tech teaching. At its kindergartens, Beijing's municipal government has just started testing interactive whiteboards made by a British firm, Promethean. At 33,000 yuan ($4,125) a go, they enable teachers to integrate traditional materials with movie clips, radio broadcasts and other internet content. Nicole de Lalouvière, the director of learning at the British Council in Beijing, claims its website, managed with a Chinese partner and offering free tests, vocabulary and business English, has become “the biggest online university in the world”, with 2m students.

Testing is also growing fast, as students with overseas ambitions practise for international college-entrance exams, and Chinese employers seek proof of English ability. Once again, foreigners are in pole position, though the two main suppliers, ETS and a venture between the British Council and Cambridge Assessment, are run as not-forprofit organisations. Teacher training promises to become another big market, given the shortage of half a million English teachers in state schools and Beijing's push to improve English ahead of the 2008 Olympics.

Finally, there are the private language schools themselves—some 50,000 of them, reckons Ms Pearlman, from family-run outfits to chains such as English First, Wall Street English and New Oriental, a Chinese operator that claims to be the biggest, with 2.5m enrolled students. While such schools were established for adults, the demand today is from parents willing to spend up to half their household income to boost their offspring's chances. The 550 students at English First's Shenzhen school used mostly to be adults; now more than 70% are children. And they are getting younger. The rage at kindergarten these days is English-speaking classes for four-year-olds.

Adults and college students, meanwhile, can choose from the many business-English classes at foreign colleges, such as the universities of Illinois, Maryland and Nottingham, which are establishing MBA courses and even entire campuses in China to tap into the huge numbers of potential students.

Yet not all this readily translates into profit. Education remains highly regulated. It is no accident that the state propaganda department controls the ministry of education, which only recently allowed (heavily edited) English textbooks from foreign publishers into the state system. Foreigners still cannot publish in China, receiving only royalties on their content. Their partners (such as FLTRP) use their materials to do a roaring business training teachers and running conferences. Though selling books to private language-schools can be more lucrative, these schools are also shackled. Foreign chains need a Chinese partner and must have their teaching materials approved. The difficulties and costs prompted English First to franchise all but four of its 68 schools: after a decade in China it has yet to recoup its investment.

The Chinese government is not entirely comfortable with western teaching methods. China has no government drive to welcome native English speakers, unlike Japan, where the ministry of education runs the 19-year-old JET programme, which puts thousands of foreign teachers to work in state schools. Indeed, until a few years ago, private language schools in China could be fined for hiring foreign English teachers.

Although China's passion for English is palpable, it will become a lucrative and open market only if China's Communist Party allows it to. It is reluctant because, along with English textbooks and teachers come western ways of learning and thinking—ways that might one day threaten the party's authority.
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 楼主| 发表于 2006-4-18 19:02:22 | 显示全部楼层

【转帖】英语已成一个扼杀中国人才的巨大毒瘤!

    

英语已成一个巨大的考试毒瘤!正吞噬国家的巨大财富,并不断扩张。改革开放初期,为了学习外国的先进技术和管理经验,人们开始自觉地学习英语。然而,由于英语学习的升温,一些教育主管部门及人事主管部门开始头脑发热,在人才培养和选拔上,设置层层英语考试 。现在英语考试已经完全变成了一种利益集团的赚钱工具,摧残年轻人是他们设计好的目的。学生在学习英语的过程中深受其害,浪费他们大量的时间,荒废正常的学业,使整个中国的教育质量遭到毁灭性的打击,同时也使国家每年数以百亿的巨大财富打水漂,真是祸国殃 民啊。

  一、 看看英语是什么东西

  先看我们伟大的汉语,国家汉字的扫盲标准是1500个字,理工科大学生一般掌握2000个汉字就可以了。就凭这2000个字,再查查字典,大家可以读书、看报、搞科研。可以很顺利地读一些名著,如《红楼梦》等。
  再看看英语,在英语世界里,没有2万个词汇别想读报,没有3万个词汇别想把周刊读顺,英语国家大学毕业10年后的职业人士一般都懂8万词汇。新事物的涌现,总伴随着英文新词的产生,例如火箭(ROCKET),计算机(COMPUTER)等,可汉语则无 须,不就是用“火”驱动“箭”么,会“计算”的“机” 么!可英文就不能这样,不能靠组词,否则“太长”了。如火箭将成为“FIRE-DRIVEN-ARROW”,计算机将成“COMPUTAIONAL- MACHINE”等。太长的字会降低文章的可读性与读者的理解能力。从中大家可以看出英语是一种非常落后没有科学性的语言。是西方国家语言中最难学的一种。
  在美国,高中毕业能看懂报纸就不错了,所以美国表意的动画片,漫画很发达,能看懂名著就可以吹大牛了,自以为高素质了,可是这样的人在中国只能算小学生的水平,是被认为没有多少文化的人。由于英语词汇太多,因此容易忘记是很正常的,如果大家有兴趣拿沙 士比亚的原著去考考现在国内所谓的英语专家,他们肯定不及格。美国9.11事件后,产生的很多新词汇,连美国自己的国民也有很多搞不清楚的。
  目前,英文词汇已突破50万,预计下世纪中叶,将突破100万大关。因此可以说学好英语是没有止境的,英语考试可以考倒一切人,不管你是一辈子学英语,也不管你是什么英语专家。但话又要说回来,如果用于正常的英语交流又很容易,一般掌握1000-2000个单词就够了。美国的农民一般掌握的词汇不超2000个。重要提示:英语只是一种学习和交流的工具。掌握一两千个单词、一些常用的语法、一些英语对话、学会查字典,再利用计算机的翻译软件,所有的人都可以在较短的时间内,快乐地掌握英语这个重要的 学习工具,为自己以后的工作、科研服务。 下面我们看看无知的教育官僚们是如何利用英语考试手段来祸国殃民的。

  二、 英语地位至高无上,教学质量与日俱下

  看看我国目前的人才培养和选拔制度。不管你是搞中医、中药、古汉语、二十四史的,还是做教师、工程师、技术员、编辑、记者、搞企管的、做内贸的,一概不管你的专业能力,也不问对提高工作的业绩有多大帮助,只要你晋职、评职称、升中学、上大学、考研究生 、攻博等等,如果你学不好英语,只有两个字:“没门”。一句话,不会“考英语”,就不会是人才,可悲结论啊。在这种无知的人才培养观的影响下,再加上我国加入WTO,2008北京奥运会,也许世间再也找不到如此壮观的场景了:一个14亿人口的泱泱大国,在 进入21世纪的今天,几乎每个人都在为这门语言疯狂,好象不学好英语就会亡党亡国。由于无知的“共识”,英语在大学中被推到至高无上的地位,过不了英语四级别想拿学位(更有个别头脑发烧的大学,要求英语过六级拿学位),由于英语决定自己的前途和命运,大学 生们只能利用一切可以利用的时间学习英语。四级考过,就准备考六级,六级考过了,准备研究生考试,或准备考托福、考GRE、考雅思。
  英语对我太重要了,专业课就对不起您了,因为我的时间和精力有限,专业课只要能考及格就行,如果运气不好,补考也能过。毕业论文,毕业设计也只能走走过场了。我国人才的摇篮-高等的学府,培养出来的大学生就是多懂几个英语单词,而多懂的这几个单词本来可以通过查字典很方便地解决,哈哈,很可笑,也很伤心!由于大学生在大学里没有学到真正的知识,使他们就业更加严峻。 现在都是自费上学,如果你是学生家长,交了那么多的钱,学的就是这个东西,有何感想!
  大家知道,学习语言有两个主要因素,一是外部的语言环境,二是年龄。一个美国的学生,从小到大,英语不离嘴,在这样的环境下,读到高中毕业,能看懂报纸就算高水平,中国的学生在外部的语言环境和年龄都很不利的情况下,如果要达到这个水平,大家算一下就 知道,我们的学生需要花多大的精力和时间。由于英语考试,浪费大量学生学习专业课的时间,使中国现在的大学教学质量与日俱下,已经接近世界高等教育的最低水平。研究生培养,博士生培养也是唯英语论。对于考研者来说,英语具有一票否决的作用,它早已成为考研 游戏的前提。
  而且,随着竞争者日众,它的难度也不断水涨船高。具体地说,一个报考中国现当代文学甚至中国古代文学专业的考生,如果英语不达所谓“国家线”的话,便专业再优异也是白搭。相反,专业平庸,英语成绩突出的考生,却往往成了录取的亮点。每一年的硕士研究生 录取结束之后,常常听到老师们十分遗憾的感叹:某某同学专业优异,此次英语稍差而无法招纳门下。即便有个别幸运者在英语距线一两分的情况下,经导师多方奔走“拉”了进来,但补那一两分之缺须数万元,穷学生背着沉重的债务,又如何专心学业?想招的学生因为英 语赶不上要求的水准,招不进来;而英语能力强,对专业了解肤浅,也无心专业的学生却脱颖而出挤上门来,这是太多中国导师的尴尬。以至于,有些“迂执”的老先生们发出这样的牢骚:不用什么招考了,直接到英语系找两个来就是。老先生们的牢骚还没有说出之前,精 明的考生们早就在利用他们的优势了。
  太多英语系的专科、本科毕业生,在对所报考的专业知之甚少,甚至此前一无所知的情况下,凭借英语专业优势挤进去堂皇读之。而以我所见,这种情况在博士生招生中更是见怪不怪。大学英语系讲师、副教授在没读一天中文的情况下,利用几本文学史考中文系博士似 乎成了一种时髦。他们都即考即中,甚至个别人中文专业课程只有五十几分,但凭 “强大”的英语专业优势一样鹤立鸡群,真让那些在专业领域兀兀穷年者,羡慕、气愤、伤心、无奈。 哈哈,真可悲啊。

  三、不懂教育规律,人才选拔如同儿戏,这又是教育官僚们的“杰作”,诺贝尔奖只能与中国说byebye 大家都知道,美国中小学校的基础教育很差,为什么出了那么多诺贝尔奖获得者?而中国政通人和,从上到下无不重视教育,加上中国人勤奋聪明,为什么出不了一个诺贝尔奖获得者呢?原因在哪里呢?原因出在教育部,这班教育官僚们根本不懂人才培养的规律。很多外国研究机构对世界上著名科学家的研究表明,科学家的思维水平和创造力水平随年龄的增长而呈加速度衰减。
  3/4的科学家所取得的重大成果是在35岁以前。正如物理学家爱因斯坦曾经说过的:“一个人如果在30岁时还没有发表科学见解,那么他一辈子就难以在科学界有所作为了”。大家可以用反推法就可以算出,只有在大学阶段学好现有的科学知识,注意个人能力的培养,善于调动个人学习研究的潜能,才有利于人才的发展和脱颖而出。这些脱颖而出的人才再经过几年专门深入的研究,恰好是出科学家的最佳年龄。而中国大学四年黄金时间,就是在学“中国人听不懂,外国人笑掉牙”的哑巴英语。错过了优秀人才脱颖而出的最佳时机,当然诺 贝尔奖只能和中国人说byebye。
  如果目前的大学教育不改革,大家只能在梦中见到美丽的诺贝尔奖。美国人非常重视大学教育原因也许就在这里,这些经验美国人是不会写在英文报纸上让你看的,能从英文报刊杂志上看到的只是一些零零碎碎的知识,真正的高技术,他是不会写给你看的,国家现在提 倡科技发展和创新,创新的东西肯定与英语没有关系(在中国,英语最好的是外语系的学生,但他们的科学知识却是最差的,另外现在大家仅仅也是为了能找到一份好工作或为了自己提升而学习英语,肯定与学习外国的先进技术和管理经验无关),必须靠自己扎实的刻苦的 研究才能取得。学别人的,永远是落后的。
  下面我们来看看如同儿戏的职称评定,各大学都有学位评定委员会,所有博士论文和硕士论文都要经过学位评定委员会审议通过才行,他们都是各高校的著名教授,是各学科的专家。但由于扭曲的评价机制,他们变成了全能的教授。学经济的教授必须看计算机博士生的论文,看不懂怎么办,看看口袋里有没有字条,没有子条看看长像如何。结论可以随便写,即使写错了,你也别想看,是秘密,也没有地方可申诉,在这种机制下,学生大都只能靠走后门来过论文关,教授论文过关也是如此,这就是中国的高级人才选拔机制,本来大学应该是最讲科学最民主的地方,可现在这样的人才选拔制度能选出好人才,那天都会哭。
  香港科技大学教授丁学良曾举了一个例子说明中国学者在国际学术界的地位:“我在美国读书的时候就听说,美国东海岸那些跟中国学术交流较多的著名大学里,有些研究中心的负责人,经常跟他们的成员(多半是访问学者和教授)说,你们到我们这儿来,许多事情都不用你们做,但有一件事情可要帮忙,就是一旦中国内地的教授学者来作报告,你们无论如何也要来凑个数。为什么?因为研究中心请人来作报告,讲得好人家坐下来听,讲得不好没人听。只是来自中国内地的教授学者来作报告的时候,无论你们愿意不愿意听,都要来帮忙凑个人数。就是说,相对于整个东亚高教界来说,中国内地教授们的水平都是最低或接近最低的。至少西方学术界这么认为。”
  教育官僚们口口声声说,学好英语可以学习外国的先进管理经验和先进的科技知识,可自己对一些已知,很先进的管理经验就是不学,只能说明这帮人对教育一窍不通,没有一点责任心,也没有起码的职业道德。 四、每年数百亿的国家巨大财富打水漂据统计,英语教育市场已经成为中国的一大产业。年产值高达数百亿元人民币,为国民生产总值的百分之一,相当于中国一个较发达的中等城市的年产值。学习者数以几亿计。英语教育市场的构成,包括,林林总总的培训学校,补习班 ;五花八门的考试、测验;种类繁多数以万计的英语课本、参考书、辞典,各式各样的教育器材,等等。在英语教育市场中,收入最稳定的是各类考试的主办者,他们个个富的冒油,是权利变金钱的典型代表。以职称英语考试,每年的考试费,教材,参考书等加起来按 200元算,400多万报考者,费用就有数十亿元。托福、GRE、GMAT、雅思等国外机构主办的考试,费用还高得多。托福考试费800元,10万人报考,其收入也达到8000万元。各类培训机构(个人),也是教育市场的主角。从每小时10元的家教,到费用超过2万元的高级培训,各色人等针对不同目标市场,各显神通瓜分蛋糕。一个“新东方”英语培训学校,平均每年培训学员四、五万人,每年的教学收入达数亿元,据一项不完全统计,中国外语培训教育机构,目前超过3000家,学费根据培训内容、课程安排的不同 ,从几百元到几千元不等,平均收费标准为,每人每小时20元至30元。数以万计各类英语教材,参考书。如果平均按10元/万册算,每年可达100亿,当然成为出版商最喜欢出版的书籍。
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