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在学习英语词汇中，有时同义词的辨析是很不容易的，我们一般从三方面进行区分，即：语法、语义和文体。语法主要是词性、搭配、句式等的区分；语义主要是词义的本义、引申义、比喻义和内涵和外延等的区分；文体主要是正式和非正式、褒义和贬义等的区分。下面是笔者整理的50组同义词。
1. 路 2. 时代 3. 战斗 4. 牧师 5. 服装 6. 哭 7. 美丽,漂亮 8. 拉,拖 9. 旋转 10. 生气,气愤
1.路
way: Wherever there is room for an object to proceed, there is a way.
road: A road is a prepared way for traveling with horses or vehicles.
path: A way suitable to be traveled only by foot passengers or by animals.
route: A route is a line of travel, and may be over many roads.
street: A street is in some centre of habitation, as a city town or village, when it passes between houses of dwellings.
avenue: A avenue is a long, broad and imposing( 壮严) or principal street.
2.时代(期) (时期)
period: It indicates any passage of time, great or small. /an extent of time of any length.
(时代)
time(s): It refers to a period in history. in ancient times/ in Victoria time (新时代)
epoch: It indicates a long period of time marked by events or development of a particular kind.
The first flight into space marked a new epoch in the history of mankind.
(纪元)
era: It refers to a very long period of time marked by a particular feature in a great new era of world revolution
(时期)
age: It shows a particular /a fairly definite period in history. the Bronze Age, Iron Age
3.战斗 (打仗)
fight: It is a bodily struggle (奋斗 斗争)
struggle: An effort of any kind to overcome difficulty.
(战斗) battle: A fight between armed forces.
(战役) campaign: A series of related military operations in a war.
(战争) war: A period of fight between countries or states when
weapons are used and many people are killed.
(对抗) combat: A fight, conflict, controversy.
4.牧师 (教士 牧师)
priest: A person, esp. a man specially trained for various religious duties and ceremonies, in the Christian church, esp. in the Roman Catholic church
(牧师) minister: A member of clergy, esp. Protestant churches.
(牧师) clergy(pl): The officially appointed leader of the religious activities of a particular church or temple.
clergyman: clergymen(pl) a member of clergy.
(牧师) pastor: A Christian religious leader in charge of a church and its members, esp. in a Protestant church.
(教区牧师) vicar: A priest in charge of an area(parish) in the church of England.
father: A little of respect for a priest, esp. in the Roman Catholic.
5.服装
clothing(collect): (fml) General term of clothes.
clothes(no single): Coverings of the body such as coats,
dresses, suits, shoes, hats.
garment(fl): A suit of clothes used by actors./a single article of clothing.
costume: 1) The fashion of dress peculiar to a people, nation, class, period, etc.
2) A dress worn by actors in a play. uniform: worn by all members of the community.
dress: 1) A kind of outer garment worn by women (连衣裙).
2) worn on special occasions (礼服) evening dress/ morning dress
suit: A set of outer clothes to be worn together. evening suit/swimming suit
coat: A garment with sleeves worn on top of other clothes from rain, heat, etc.
overcoat: A warn coat worn in the street.
6.哭
cry: The most general one.
(哭泣) weep: To let flow tears.
(抽泣 抽嗒) sob: To weep or sigh with short quick breaths.
(哭天抹泪 涕泪交流) snivel: To sniffle and cry in a irritating manner.
(哭嚎 又哭又闹) blubber: To cry loudly noisily.
(发出低声报怨声) whine: To make a low complaining cry.
(嚎哭) bawl: To utter loud cries (always in bad sense).
(痛哭) wail: To cry aloud from pain or sorrow.
(呻吟) moan: To make a low, miserable sound in pain or sorrow.
(呻吟) grown: To make a low sound of pain, unhappiness or disapproval
(哀悼) mourn: To feel or show sadness or sorrow for someone who has died.
(哀悼) lament: To express great sorrow or regret.
7.美丽 漂亮
good-looking: Having an attractive appearance in a strong, healthy way used for men and women not things.
beautiful: ( a woman or a thing) Suggesting symmetry of features or perfection of proportion, elegance and mobility. beautiful flowers, a beautiful girl/voice/city/face beautiful weather.
handsome: Of attractive appearance applies to men. a handsome fellow/actor/horse/buildings/young man.
pretty: (a girl, or a small thing) Suggesting liveliness and sweetness, pleasing or nice to look at. a pretty little woman/garden, a pretty girl/ picture/piece of music,
lovely: (something) So beautiful that it makes you feel good to look at it or even to think about it. The garden looks lovely.
fair: Beautiful( of woman in poet) light in color esp., skin hair.
gorgeous: (persons or things) (inf) Extremely beautiful or handsome.
8.拉 拖
pull: The most general one.
draw: It implies a smoother, steadier motion and generally a lighter force than pull.
drag: It usually refers to horizontal motion or motion up an incline (slope) and it suggests laborious efforts over rough ground or against friction, resistance or gravity.
The escaped prisoner was dragged out of his hiding place.
haul: It implies continuous pulling or dragging of heavy or bulky objects.
The fisherman is hauling a net.
tug: It applies to hard often sudden violent effort to pull.
He tugged at my sleeve to ask directions.
jerk: To pull suddenly.
He jerked out the knife that was stuck in the wound.
tow: To pull by a rope or chain. We towed the car to the nearest garage.
wrench: To pull hard with a twisting or turning movement.
9.旋转 turn: The most general one.
(自转) spin: To turn quickly around a central point.
It emphasizes the continuity of the action, and usually the narrow extent of the circular motion.
The wheel is spinning on its axis.
(急转) whirl: To round very fast.
It implies the lock of conscious control.
The leaves whirl in the wind in the yard.
(转动) rotate: To turn round a fixed point with a circular movement.
The earth rotates once every 24 hours.
(绕转) revolve: To turn or move in a circle around a central point.
It indicates circular or elliptical (椭圆) movement.
The planets revolve around the sun.
10.生气 气愤
anger: The most general one.
(易怒) be cross: Feeling easy to get angry.
(愤慨) indignation: (fml) Anger.
It stresses righteous anger at what one considers unfair, mean or shameful.
We expressed our indignation at the ruthless exploitation.
(愤怒) wrath: Very treat anger. (literary)
It suggests a desire on intent to revenge or punish.
(狂怒) rage: Wild, violent anger.
It suggests loss of self- control from violence of emotion. in a rage /to fall into a rage.
(暴怒) fury: Violent, extreme and destructive anger.
She flew into a fury. |
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发表于 2006-4-10 08:47:23