『超精讀』法--幫你攻克四、六級難關

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『超精讀』法--幫你攻克四、六級難關  
(作者：丁曉鍾)

  
　　經常有同學問我：有沒有什麼捷徑能夠順利地通過四、六級和考研英語考試?我的回答總是：沒有。但是，幫助同學們找到一套科學的學習方法，不僅可以提高英語能力，而且對考試也有切實的幫助，是我一直所追求的。結合我個人的學習體會，並經過長時間的思考和教學中的摸索，我總結出了一套以閱讀為綱，提高英語綜合能力和突破四、六級和考研英語考試的『超精讀』方法，希望對同學們有點幫助。

　　大家不管在閱讀英文報刊(推薦閱讀Time, Newsweek, the Economist)還是真題的時候，第一遍都必須首先注意提高閱讀速度。對報刊上的文章來說，第一遍讀的時候不要查字典，記下起止時間，計算單位時間的閱讀量。對真題來說，更加要控制在規定的時間內完成，閱讀的時候就需要隨時對可能的考點作出標記，最後結合解題技巧進行解題。此時的重點放在訓練速度、掌握文章大意、結構、作者、專家等的觀點。


　　下一步就是對文章和考點、乾擾項等進行詳細的分析、總結。這個時候就要仔細體會文章中精彩的語言，注意詞的使用、內涵和搭配和擴展，代詞和名詞的指代，以及對精彩句型的模仿和重要語法現象的、長句、難句、文章結構的分析。另外，還要注意句子和句子之間的關系是什麼，是因果、遞近、轉折還是什麼，尤其注意文章的第一句和最後一句，以及每段的第一句和最後一句與其它句子的關系。體會每句話在文章中的作用。在此過程中，要培養自己對文章主要討論對象、關鍵詞，作者、專家的觀點、和語氣的把握，注意作者和專家的觀點，專家和專家之間的觀點是否相同或相反或互補，以及作者和專家的語氣是贊成還是反對，是關注還是樂觀等等。如果是真題，還要仔細分析考點和正確、乾擾選項的規律、特征。在這個過程中，把文章盡可能的多讀幾遍，提高對文章中單詞、短語、句型等的反應速度，閱讀速度自然也會提高。

　　如果能做到上面幾點，那麼你纔能說真正的理解了文章，閱讀理解能力以及綜合英語能力都會得到很大的提高，其結果是對考試中的每個題型的把握都會更上一層樓。先從聽力說起，據研究，一個人的閱讀理解能力和聽力水平是成正比關系的。試想，有的同學連聽力原文都看不懂，怎麼可能聽懂呢。另外，在超精讀的過程中，所積累的詞匯能力，對詞匯題也有很大幫助，我做過統計，如果對10套左右的四、六級和考研閱讀真題中的詞匯進行過深入學習，那麼大綱中的重點詞匯就已經被囊括大半了。而且，最好的詞匯記憶方法就是通過閱讀來學習，記得又牢又准確。對翻譯、完形、改錯、簡短回答問題等小題型，你就會覺得得心應手了，因為你對這些題型的解題能力和你的閱讀、詞匯能力最相關。另外，還有作文，許多同學喜歡背模版，其實模版作文千篇一律，很難拿高分。如果大家在讀報刊和真題的過程中有意識地摘抄和模仿一些精彩地道的詞匯和句型，考試時信手拈來，無疑會吸引評卷老師的眼球。其實，大家想一想，我們所閱讀的英文文章不都是精彩的作文范文嗎？如果同學們能夠在早晨或者傍晚朗誦或者背誦英文報刊文章或者就是真題閱讀文章，那麼你眼睛裡、耳朵裡接觸到的都是地道的英語，那麼堅持下去，你的聽說讀寫能力都會很自然地提高了！

　　下面，我結合一些例子，說明一下如何進行超精讀。

　　【例一】2001年6月四級Passage four

　　Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

　　We can see how the product life cycle works by looking at the introduction of instant coffee.when it was introduced,most people did not like it as well as『regular』coffee and it took several years to gain general acceptance(introductionstage).Atonepoint,though,instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity and many brand swere introduced(stageofrapid growth).After a while people became attached to one brand and sales leveled off(stageofmaturity).sales went into as light decline(衰退)when freeze-dried coffee swere introduced(stageofdecline).

　　26. According to the passage, when people grow fond of one particular brand of a product, its sales will_____.

　　A) decrease gradually B) remain at the same level

　　C) become unstable D) improve enormously

　　第一段中有三個句型可以在圖表作文中應用：

　　1. instant coffee grew rapidly in popularity.我們可以這樣模仿：the mobile phone has grown rapidly in popularity.

　　2. sales leveled off.或者也可以這樣說:sales remained constant / steady / stable / much the same

　　3. sales went into a slight decline.或者也可以這樣說: sales declined slightly /如果下降幅度大可以說sales declined dramatically / substantially / sharply / greatly / hugely.

　　同學們可以看一看是否掌握了這些文章的詞匯和擴展詞匯：

　　life cycle / energy cycle / eternal cycle / business cycle / business circle /

　　instant coffee/ instant star / the instant / the minute / the moment / instantaneous

　　introduce a bill

　　general acceptance / general public / specific /

　　at one point / on the point / to the point

　　brand loyalty

　　become attached to / be detached from

　　maturity / mature / premature / ripe / sophisticated

　　【例二】2000年1月四級Passage Two

　　Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.

　　30. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?

　　A) They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.

　　B) They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.

　　C) They are falling out of use in the United States.

　　D) They are applicable only on broad roads

　　請用心體會一下initially這個詞的內涵，其實，你一看到這個詞，就必須准確predict出後面可能會有考點，而且肯定會出現but, however, ultimately一類的轉折、對比詞。答案B)。

　　【例三】六級2001年6月Passage Two

　　For centuries, explorers have risked their lives venturing into the unknown for reasons that were to varying degrees economic and nationalistic.……

　　Although their missions blended commercial and political-military imperatives, the explorers involved all accomplished some significant science simply by going where no scientists had gone before.

　　Today Mars looms as humanity」s next great terra incognita. And with doubtful prospects for a short-term financial return, with the cold war a rapidly fading memory and amid a growing emphasis on international cooperation in large space ventures, it is clear that imperatives other than profits or nationalism will have to compel human beings to leave their tracks on the planet」s reddish surface. Could it be science, which has long played a minor role in exploration, is at least destined to take a leading role?……

　　With Mars the scientific stakes are arguably higher than they have ever been.…..

　　36. According to the passage, the chief purpose of explorers in going to unknown places in the past was_____ .

　　A) to display their country」s military might

　　B) to accomplish some significant science

　　C) to find new areas for colonization

　　D) to pursue commercial and state interests

　　37. At present, a probable inducement for countries to initiate large-scale space ventures is _____ .

　　A) international cooperation B) nationalistic reasons

　　C) scientific

　　D) long-term profits

　　同學們有沒有發現：economic / commercial / financial / profit ; nationalistic / political / military / cold war / nationalism; science / scientist/ scientific都是近義詞或同一范疇的詞，也就是閱讀文章中經常出現的同義換詞現象。如果一個詞的同義詞、相關詞在一篇文章中多次重復出現，必定是這篇文章的強調的地方，必定和考題相關。另外，請注意這兩到題的考法，先考過去，再考現在，一個是was,一個是is。答案D、C。

　　【例四】考研2004年Text 1

　　Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site」s『personal search agent』. It」s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.

　　….

　　Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite」s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs–those it considers the best matches. There maybe more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them–and they do.

　　44. Why does CareerSite」s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?

　　A) To focus on better job matches.

　　B) To attract more returning visits.

　　C) To reserve space for more messages.

　　D) To increase the rate of success.

　　請各位同學仔細看一下下面這句話中them是指代什麼：then emails them when a matching position is posted in the database.有的輔導書上是這麼翻譯的：然後給網上貼出的對應崗位發個郵件/當……時，你就通過EMAIL給這些人寄去相關的資料。其實，這裡them指visitors。比如說你訪問某個求職網站，登記了你的要求，那麼該網站可能會根據你的要求給你發email通知你，這就是所謂的interactive feature.

　　44題答案B,實際上考的是一個例證題，但是表面上不很容易看出來，這就是考研難的地方。如果你平時注意分析第一句話和後面句子的關系，那麼你就會知道，例證題的答案經常指向段落第一句話。答案中attract替換原文tempt。如果你在解題的時候只注意後面幾句話，就可能會做錯答案或者速度慢了。

　　【例五】考研2002年Text 4

　　The Supreme Court」s decisions on physician-assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.

　　Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of『double effect』, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects–a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen–is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.

　　56. From the first three paragraphs, we learn that_____ .

　　A) doctors used to increase drug dosages to control their patients」pain

　　B) it is still illegal for doctors to help the dying end their lives

　　C) the Supreme Court strongly opposes physician-assisted suicide

　　D) patients have no constitutional right to commit suicide

　　答案B,這幾段裡有不少和法律相關單詞可以學習，比如constitutional / rule / supreme court, rule這個詞在這裡是裁決的意思，很多死背詞匯書的同學考試中就不一定能夠反應出這個意思。這道題目的乾擾項之一C很有意思，大家有沒有注意到strongly這個詞，這個選項就錯在這裡。請看一下第二段Although這句話，體會一下這句話的內涵(盡管，但是)，這句話的內涵是最高法院盡管認為醫生協助病人自殺是非法的，是持反對態度的，但並不是強烈反對！所以大家在做題的時候一定要注意選項中的形容詞和副詞等限定詞，這些地方經常是陷阱，同樣文章中出現這類詞匯也需要高度警惕。

　　因為時間關系，就簡單地舉這些例子，大家還有什麼問題，或者我說的不當的地方，歡迎一起討論！英語學習的道路是永無止境的！

　　最後引用一個我與一個網上同學的對話來結束這篇文章，希望各位同學都能早日視深刻地理解英語為一種享受，並順利攻克四、六級考研英語。

　　同學：您說的超精讀會花費很多時間的，難道不是嗎?

　　答：呵呵，你搞錯了，你做題目的時候是在40分鍾之內完成。研究題目的時候超精讀，知道嗎？精讀之外，研究好出題點，解題技巧，怎麼會過不了？不花時間，怎麼提高？你不精讀，這次過不了，下次還要再考，更花時間。

　　顯然，最關鍵的是要下苦功，纔能享受甜蜜的勝利果實！