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[[学习策略]] 30名人预见未来

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发表于 2005-10-8 18:52:34 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
30名人预见未来


  伦敦:11月4日出版的一本新书《预言》展示了30位著名学者对下个世纪文明的
看法。从哈佛大学经济学家约翰·高尔布莱斯、哲学家兼小说家温拜尔托·艾阔到
女权主义者艾德雷亚·朵尔金等一系列思想家都出现在该书中。

  一位作者预计,由于下个世纪的婴儿将来自人类繁殖库,(人类不再承担生育
功能)避孕也就是多余之举了。另一位则声称电话和传真都将被遗弃,因为人们更
喜欢直接的心与心的传感交流。开关也可能消失,因为靠念头就可以将灯打开。

  他们提到的变化有些正在实现。凯文·沃瑞克是神经机械学的带头人,他在自
己的胳膊上植入了一个芯片,用来启动电脑、打开房门。沃瑞克和他的妻子正在进
行实验,看看植入的芯片能否使他们不需要交谈就能了解彼此的心思。

  尽管有这些关于技术突破的预见,编辑香·格里菲斯说,这些作者对未来总的
看法多少有些暗谈:比如,英国科学家苏珊·格林菲尔德所预见的世界是个受挫的
失去持久注意力的人类“生活在一个由不安定的、缺乏想象力的个体所组成的社会
当中。”语言哲学家诺阿姆·乔姆斯基则怀疑,人类最终将会发生异化,这种异化
将是致命的。

  甚至沃瑞克的移植技术也引出了令人担忧的问题:在未来的世界中人类意味着
什么?“人的大脑是独立的实体,从而保证人类所特有的特征,”沃瑞克写道,
“但是通过因特网把一个人脑与其他脑———人脑或机器脑连接起来,那么还会有
个体存在吗?”

  LONDON-A new book published here on 4 November presents 
the views of thirty leading academics  regarding civilization 
in the next century.The thinkers who figure in Predictions 
range from Harvard economist J.K. Galbraith to 
philosopher-novelist Umberto Eco and feminist Andrea Dworkin.?

  One writer speculates that contraception will become 
superfluous, as babies will come from reproductive bank 
accounts.  Another asserts that phones and faxes will be 
discarded in favor of direct mind-to-mind communication.  
Switches, too, may disappear, as lights are turned on mentally.
?

  Some of these changes are already on their way.  Kevin 
Warwick, a leading light in cybernetics, has implanted a chip 
in his arm to switch on his computer and open doors.  
Warwick and his wife are experimenting to see if inserted 
chips can enable them to cut out speech altogether and read 
each another?s minds.?

  Despite forecasts of technical breakthroughs, editor Sian 
Griffiths said that the overall mindset of contributors was 
somewhat gloomy.  British scientist Susan Greenfield, for 
instance, envisions a world in which frustrated humans who 
have lost their capacity to pay attention dwell in a “
society of restless, unimaginative individuals.”  Linguistic 
philosopher Noam Chomsky wonders whether in the final analysis 
“humans are a kind of lethal mutation.”?

  Even Warwick?s implant technology raises troubling questions 
about what it will mean to be human in the world that lies 
just ahead.  “A human brain is a stand-alone entity, 
guaranteeing a unique human identity,”Warwick writes.  “But 
link a human brain via the Internet to other brains, both 
human and machine, and what of the individual then?”
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