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出游、上学、助人———美国老人乐此不疲
(本文作者安德森夫妇均已75岁)
与中国的同龄老人相比,美国老人不仅经常变换居住地,外出旅行也多得多。
绝大多数美国人,不管年轻的还是上岁数的,都有汽车,退休的人也有钱用于旅行
及观光。我们很多朋友买了旅宿汽车:这是很大的、设备齐全的带轮子的住所,像
汽车一样可以独立地开走。其他朋友则有小一点儿的旅行拖车,可连在汽车或小货
车的后面。小一点儿的移动房屋有做饭的地方,包括冰箱和洗槽,还有进餐的地方、
卫生间以及可供二至四人睡的床;大点儿的则有全套的厨房设备、一或两个卧室和
一个客厅,人们可在客厅看电视或下棋玩牌(如果你想看看样品,可在因特网上查
Winnebago,这是个移动房屋的知名品牌)。真正大的移动房屋就像一幢房子那么大,
但由于其体积与重量太大,移动起来就比人们所喜欢的各种小号型要困难得多。价
格范围从几千美元的简易拖车到7万美元甚至更贵的最大型号的移动房屋不等,后者
可真是与一幢房子大小一样的车轮子上的房子。
在整个北美大陆,到处都有移动房屋公园,以接待这类旅行者。这些公园设有
接通电与上下水的停车场地,人们可将汽车停在这里;若是正在从一地前往另一地
的途中,可在这里过夜;也可以一气住上几周或几个月,如果他们选择了某地的话。
移动房屋公园还有娱乐区、洗浴和洗衣设施以及废物处理的设备,因而车上的卫生
间可以清扫干净。
有移动房屋的朋友们也会选择结队出行。在美国西部的公路上旅行时,我们曾
看到一串串移动房屋的车队,有的多达10辆,这显然是“骆驼车队”或“马车队”
的集体旅行,如果可以这样比喻的话。有时候,旅行者属于某个俱乐部,他们的移
动房屋全都一样(俱乐部成员们在大批购买移动房屋时大概会有优惠,或者俱乐部
自己有移动房屋,可以租给会员)。
Seniorcitizens一词在美国当今多用来称呼上岁数的人,他们有时与其他老年
人一起参加一揽子全包旅游或海上游弋。这种集体旅游的形式由退休人员组织在刊
物上做广告,或由大学校友杂志做广告,这对于认识其他退休老人、结交新朋友或
找到志趣相同的旅行搭档是个很好的途径。
必须指出,不是所有退休的美国人都能担负得起移动房屋、旅游和海上游弋。
但一般说来,那些平时节俭、在工作期间就有所积蓄的人似乎都有足够的钱生活得
相当舒适。在美国确实有穷困的老人,或因生病而潦倒的人,但老年已不再与贫穷
同义。
除了旅游之外,很多美国老人乐意做的另一件事就是到社区大学去上学,或是
到四年制正式大学、学院成为不是为拿学位的“特殊学生”。有些课程就是由为退
休人员服务的机构主办的。我们最熟悉的名为“老龄招待所”的一个机构,就是为
一批批老年人到全美的校园旅行并上课做出安排。这些课程通常是在常规学生离校
期间授课,因此老年人可以住在学生宿舍里,学费也很便宜。我们有一些朋友参加
了“老龄招待所”在很多州的大学举办的各种科目的全部课程。
美国还有很多由老年人组成的助人组织,这些老年人志愿为教会营地、学龄前
儿童看护中心、贫民区工程以及为精神不健全者提供各种活动的项目来工作。我们
的有些朋友在多数夏天都开着移动房屋,从一个地方旅行到另一个地方,每到一地,
他们就用自己的技能与劳动帮助穷人修缮房屋。他们志愿参加的这些项目通常由主
办者供给食宿,或是提供移动房屋的停放地。
美国领养老金人员的最大私人组织是全美退休人员协会,55岁以上的人都可自
愿参加,会费也很低。我们并不属于这个组织:该组织太频繁地使用自己毋庸置疑
的政治势力为某些事情来游说华盛顿政府(例如增加社会保险支出),而我们觉得
这些事情从整体上看对国家并不是最有利。我们最喜欢那些为老年人提供志愿者机
会的组织———在我们看来,比起那些为了退休人员争得更多利益而自私地嚷嚷的
游说组织,这样的组织对国家更有利。(待续)
Older Americans not only change residences but also travel
a great deal more than people of the same age here in
China.Most Americans, young or old, own cars and retirees have
money to spend on travel and tourism.?A number of our
friends have bought motor homes; these are large,
well-appointed wheeled dwellings that can be driven
independently like cars. Others have smaller travel trailers
that can be attached to the rear of a car or pickup truck.
The smaller “mobile homes” have a cooking area, including a
refrigerator and a sink, a dining area, a toilet, and beds
for two to four people.Larger ones have complete kitchens,one
or two bedrooms and a living room where people can watch TV
or play games.(Check out Winnebago,a popular brand, on the
Internet if you would like to see some examples.) The really
big ones are as large as houses, but because of their size
and weight they are much harder to move than the smaller
varieties that motor travelers prefer.Prices range from a few
thousand dollars for the simplest trailer units to $70,000 or
more for the biggest models, which really are full-scale
houses on wheels.?
There are mobile home parks all over North America that
cater to travelers of this kind. They have parking places
with electric and water hook-ups where people can keep their
mobile homes, either overnight if they?re traveling from one
place to another, or for weeks or months at a time if they
choose to stay in a particular place. Mobile home parks
also have recreation areas, bathing and laundry facilities, and
provision for waste disposal so that toilets can be kept
clean.?
Friends with mobile homes may choose to travel together in
groups.?While on road trips in the western half of the US,
we have seen strings of up to 10 mobile homes obviously
traveling together,in “caravans”or “wagon trains”,so to speak.
?
Sometimes the travelers belong to a club and the motor
homes are all of the same make (club members probably get a
discount for buying mobile homes in lots, or the club owns
the units and rents them out to members).?
Senior citizens, the name most often used for elderly
people in the US nowadays, sometimes take package tours or
cruises with other senior citizens. These forms of group
tourism are advertised in publications put out by organizations
of retired people or in college alumni magazines.?
This is a good way to meet other retired people and make
new friends or find like-minded traveling companions.
We must point out that not all retired Americans can
afford mobile homes, tours and cruises. In general, however,
those who have been frugal and have saved for their
retirement during their working lives seem to have enough
money to live relatively comfortable lives. There are
certainly poor old people in the US, or people impoverished
by catastrophic illness, but old age is no longer synonymous
with poverty.?
Besides travel,another thing that many senior citizens in
the U.S.like to do is to take university courses at community
colleges,or on the campuses of four-year colleges or
universities as “special students” not studying for a degree.
Some academic programs are sponsored by organizations that
cater to retirees. The one we know best, called Elderhostel,
makes arrangements for groups to travel to university campuses
all over the country to take courses.?The courses are usually
held when regular students are away, so that the senior
citizens can stay in student dormitories and thus take these
courses quite inexpensively. We have friends who have taken
all kinds of Elderhostel courses on various subjects in many
different states.
The US also has numerous helping organizations composed
of senior citizens who volunteer to work for church camps,
daycare centres,inner-city projects, programs to provide
activities for the mentally handicapped,etc.Some friends of ours
travel in their mobile home most summers to one place or
another where they offer their skills and labor to help needy
people remodel their homes.The projects they volunteer to work
for usually furnish meals and housing, or parking for mobile
homes.?
The largest private organization of US pensioners is the
American Association of Retired People, which is open to
anyone 55 years of age or older.The membership fee is very
low. We do not belong to this organization: it too often
uses its undoubted political clout to lobby the government in
Washington for things (increased Social Security payments,for
instance) that we feel are not in the best interest of the
country as a whole.We prefer organizations that publicize
volunteer opportunities for seniors - better for the country,in
our opinion,than lobbying outfits that selfishly clamor for
more benefits for retirees. |
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