研究显示：双亲出生地相距越远 子女身材更高大
2011年08月22日 13:30:37 来源： 北京青年报 编辑：耿健如果你打算子女的身材长得更高大，那就不妨找一个在不同地区出生的异性做伴侣。因为科学家发现，如果父母出生在同一个城镇，子女的身高平均会更低。
这项最新研究的负责人、波兰科学院人类学协会的达利兹·丹尼尔表示，遗传多样性导致这种结果。与在相同地区长大成人的父母相比，那些来自不同地区的父母拥有不同基因的可能性更大。遗传多样性越丰富，子女长高的概率就越大，能量消耗更有效。丹尼尔博士对《生命科学》说，效率提高节省下来的能量，最终将会被用在身材生长上。他说：“对从6到18岁的3个发育阶段进行分析，可以看到这一结果。”
丹尼尔及其科研组对波兰的2675名男孩和2603名女孩的身高进行了研究，并把它与有关双亲身高和家庭收入的信息进行对照。就像预期的那样，他们的研究发现，子女的身高由双亲的身高及生活条件所决定，这是因为有钱人能为子女提供更丰富的营养物质。然而他们还发现“明确”的证据可以证明，男孩大约20%的身高变化和女孩大约14%的身高变化与双亲出生地相距较远有关。
该研究指出，这与“杂合性”，或称每个人的遗传多样性有关。男孩受此影响更大，因为他们的生长速度更快，而且生长周期比女孩更长。丹尼尔称，双亲出生地相距远近在上个世纪以前对子女的身高影响更明显。这可能与饮食有关，现在大部分西方国家的儿童都摄入营养过剩，然而在上个世纪以前，由于营养普遍缺乏，双亲出生地相距较远会被证明对促进子女生长更有益。该研究成果发表在《美国自然人类学》杂志上。
■文/杨孝文
http://news.xinhuanet.com/health/2011-08/22/c_121893103.htm
点评：人类的遗传秘密还真是很多，身材的秘密又多一个影响因素。 这就是科学？ 当年老师在课堂上讲的：远缘杂交优势 新华社援引《每日邮报》报道
研究发现：父母地缘差异大后代个子高
2011年08月08日 新华国际
【英国《每日邮报》网站8月5日报道】题：为什么养出高个子孩子的秘密是开始远距离恋爱
如果你想养出一群高个子孩子，那么开始考虑找一个出生在不同地区的伴侣吧。
科学家发现，如果父母双方出生在同一个城镇，那么他们的孩子平均较矮。如果父母在离得较远的地方长大，那么他们的后代个子高的可能性更大。
波兰科学院人类学研究所的首席研究员达留什·达内尔表示，这是由于基因差异性。来自不同地区的父母比在同一地区长大的父母更可能有不同的基因。基因差异越大，孩子们更加有效地运作身体的可能性就越大。
达内尔博士告诉趣味科学网站，效率提升所节省的能量能够促进身体生长。他表示，“研究按年龄从6岁到18岁分为三个阶段，这种效果在这三个阶段都很明显。”
达内尔博士研究了波兰2675个男孩和2603个女孩的身高，并对照了他们父母的身高和家庭收入信息。
他们发现，像预期的一样，身高由父母的身高和财富决定，因为富裕的人营养好。
然而，他们发现了“确凿的”证据显示，男孩之间的身高差异20%是由于夫妻距离所产生的，而女孩则是14%。
研究称，这是由于“异和性”，或每人的基因差异。男孩更容易受影响，因为他们比女孩生长速度快，生长时间长。
达内尔博士表示，夫妻距离的影响在上世纪前可能更明显。这主要是因为饮食：如今，大多数西方儿童吸收的营养比供应生长所需要的能量多，而在充足营养很少见的时代，夫妻距离对孩子身高的影响也许会被证明更明显。
http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2011-08/08/c_121827762.htm 英国《每日邮报》原文
Why the secret to raising tall children is to embark on a long-distance relationship
By Daily Mail Reporter
5th August 2011
If you're planning to raise a brood of tall children then start thinking about finding a partner who was born in a different region.
Scientists have discovered that if both parents were born in the same town, then their children are on average of a shorter stature.
But if a mother and father grew up nowhere near each other, then their offspring are more likely to grow into tall adults.
Walking tall: If parents grew up nowhere near each other, then their offspring are more likely to grow into lofty adults
Lead researcher Dariusz Danel, of the Institute of Anthropology at the Polish Academy of Sciences, said this is due to genetic diversity.
Parents who come from different areas are more likely to have disimilar genes than those who grew up in the same locality.
The greater the genetic diversity, then the greater the chance children will grow up with bodies that operate more efficiently.
Energy saved by this efficiency, Dr Danel told Live Science, is then transferred into growth.
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He said: 'This effect is visible in children during the three analysed stages of the development period, ranging from 6 to 18 years of age.'
Dr Danel and his team studied the height of 2,675 boys and 2,603 girls in Poland and cross-referenced this with information about their parents' height and family income.
Their research found, as expected, that height was determined by parental height and wealth, because well-off people are better nourished.
However, they also discovered 'unambiguous' evidence that marital distance accounted for around 20 per cent of the variations in height among boys and 14 per cent in the variation in girls.
This, the study said, is down to 'heterozygosity', or the genetic diversity within each person.
Boys are more likely to be affected because they grow at a faster rate and over a longer period of time than girls do.
Dr Danel said that marital distance would have had a more pronounced effect before the last century.
This is mainly due to diet - most Western children eat more than enough to get the necessary energy to fuel their growth, whereas during times when sufficient nutrition was scarce, marital distance would have proven particularly beneficial.
The research is published in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2022771/Why-secret-raising-tall-children-embark-long-distance-relationship.html 国内专业网站编译《每日邮报》报道
波兰科学家最近发现一个影响儿童身高的重要因素
2011-08-08
根据最新的研究证实：如果你想让孩子长得身材高大，就需要考虑在和你所处地理环境较远的地方寻找伴侣。
波兰的科学家们最近发现如果孩子的父母都来自于同一个城市，他们的平均身高偏矮。而当父母所处地域差异很大时，子女们通常长得身材高大。
父母所处地域差异大时，子女们通常身材更加高大。（图）
这项研究的论文发表在最近的《American Journal of Physical Anthropology》杂志上。文章的第一作者，来自于波兰科学院人类学学院的Dariusz Danel博士认为这和遗传的多样性相关。
来自于不同地域的父母相比那些居住在同一个环境下的父母在遗传学上基因通常差异更大。
而父母在遗传基因上的差异性越大，他们的子女在成长时身体更能有效率的消耗能量，因此就能够长得更高。
Dariusz Danel说道“这个现象在儿童6到18岁的成长阶段过程中表现得比较明显。”
科学家们在波兰测量了2675个男孩、2603个女孩以及他们父母的身高并进行了比较。研究结果如他们预料的是：这些孩子的身高和他们父母的身高及财富存在一定联系，因为那些身材高大的孩子通常被哺育的更好。
但是更重要的是，按照上诉结论，有大约20%的男孩和14%的女孩在身高上出现异常，并且有确凿的证据显示这和父母所处地域上的差异相关。
这项研究指出这和每个人的遗传多样性相关，并且男孩似乎更容易受这方面的影响，因为他们比女孩在身高成长上更快，更持久。
Dariusz Danel博士认为在上个世纪，这个地域差异对身高的影响应该表现得比现在更为明显。这主要和当代饮食习惯相关，如今大部分的儿童每天摄入的营养已经远远超出成长所必须的量，这使得该因素对身高的影响变得越来越小。
http://www.biodiscover.com/news/phylogeny/article/91556.html 《美国自然人类学》论文摘要
Isolation by distance between spouses and its effect on children's growth in height
Heterosis is thought to be an important contributor to human growth and development. Marital distance (distance between parental birthplaces) is commonly considered as a factor favoring the occurrence of heterosis and can be used as a proximate measure of its level. The aim of this study is to assess the net effect of expected heterosis resulting from marital migration on the height of offspring, controlling for midparental height and socioeconomic status (SES). Height measurements on 2,675 boys and 2,603 girls ages 6 to 18 years from Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski, Poland were analyzed along with sociodemographic data from their parents. Midparental height was calculated as the average of the reported heights of the parents. Analyses revealed that marital distance, midparental height, and SES had a significant effect on height in boys and girls. The net effect of marital distance was much more marked in boys than girls, whereas other factors showed comparable effects. Marital distance appears to be an independent and important factor influencing the height of offspring. According to the “isolation by distance” hypothesis, greater distance between parental birthplaces may increase heterozygosity, potentially promoting heterosis. We propose that these conditions may result in reduced metabolic costs of growth among the heterozygous individuals.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ajpa.21482/abstract
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