猪流感爆发
近日又流行起猪流感,各位以后还敢吃猪肉吗[一旦没了
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︶ ︶︶,世界会如何?
世卫证实:墨西哥62名猪流感疑似患者死亡
墨西哥境内近日“猪流感”爆发。由于至少68人已经因感染“疑似猪流感病毒”而丧生,有关方面下令关闭首都墨西哥城的学校、博物馆、图书馆和影剧院,以防这种疾病的继续传播。有关方面透露,至少有1000多名当地人可能因感染了猪流感病毒而发病。
据悉,这种新病毒带有来自猪、禽类和人体的基因物质,而且此前从未被人类发现过。除了墨西哥外,美国德克萨斯和加利福尼亚也发现感染此类病毒的人员。世界卫生组织发言人表示,由于这种全新病毒已传播到人体内,因此各方都在密切关注墨西哥境内的猪流感蔓延情况。
美国医学专家称,考虑到流感病毒的传播速度惊人,当大家发现病毒感染者出现时,可能已经错过了控制“控制这种新病毒扩散”的最佳时机。有传染病学家担心,最近一段出入墨西哥城国际机场的旅游者或许已携带着上述病毒抵达世界各地。
现在,猪流感患病者主要是青壮年,再加上没有疫苗能预防此病,这种情况让医生们非常担心。为防止感染这种流感病毒,墨西哥政府要求当地居民“没有紧急情况”,尽量别去医院。政府希望当地居民减少传统的“亲脸颊”问候方式。同时,任何出现流感症状的人将禁止登机出境。
感染了所谓“猪流感”病毒的人将出现如下症状:发烧、咳嗽、嗓子疼有些人还伴有呕吐和腹泻,这些表现都与普通流感类似。美国疾病控制中心称,两种目前用来治疗流感的药物(Tamiflu 和 Relenza),都能用来对付猪流感病毒,但是必须在发病初期服用才能发挥最大作用。
一种流感病毒在进入人体或者猪与禽类体内后,常常会发生变异,然后形成新的流感病毒。由于人体免疫系统对此缺乏抵抗力,因此很容易被感染。猪流感是发生在猪等家畜中的一种常见疫病,此前极少感染人。1976年和1988年美国曾出现过人感染猪流感的病例,造成3人死亡。
墨西哥爆发猪流感疫情后,世界卫生组织和很多国家都在密切关注此事,但至今尚未发出“不去或者少去墨西哥旅游”的建议,只是提醒各国公民前往墨西哥时要格外注意个人卫生,特别是“勤洗手”。墨西哥有关部门也开始向民众免费发放口罩,以减少被病毒感染的机会。
——网易新闻 由于规模化、集约化饲养方式的发展,生猪及其产品的流通渠道增多,使得猪病的传染源、传染媒介、传染途径极其复杂,猪病呈多种疫病交叉混合感染趋势。在这类混合感染中,既有2种或超过2种病毒、细菌的混合感染,也有病毒与细菌的混合感染,还有病毒病与寄生虫病,细菌病与寄生虫病,以及由多种病原和其他因素引起的疾病综合征,给猪病诊断和防制带来困难。
1.母猪无临床症状而发生流产、死胎、弱胎的病
⑴细小病毒病 (2)伪狂犬病、(3)衣原体病、(4)繁殖障碍性猪瘟、(5)猪乙型脑炎。
2.母猪发生流产、死胎、弱胎并有临床症状的病
⑴猪繁殖和呼吸道综合征、⑵布氏杆菌病、⑶钩端螺旋体病、⑷猪弓形虫病、⑸猪圆环病毒病、⑹代谢病。
3.表现脾脏肿大的猪传染病
⑴炭疽、⑵链球菌病、⑶沙门氏菌病、⑷梭菌性疾病、⑸猪丹毒、⑹猪圆环病毒病、⑺肺炎双球菌病。
4.表现贫血黄疸的猪病
⑴猪附红细胞体病、⑵钩端螺旋体病、⑶猪焦虫病、⑷胆道蛔虫病、⑸新生仔猪溶血病、⑹铁和铜缺乏、⑺仔猪苍白综合征、⑻猪黄脂病、⑼缺硒性肝病。
5.猪尿液发生改变的病
⑴真杆菌病(尿血)、⑵钩端螺旋体病(尿血)、⑶膀胱结石(尿血)、⑷猪附红细胞体病(尿呈浓茶色)、⑸新生仔猪溶血病(尿呈暗红色)、⑹猪焦虫病(尿色发暗)。
6.猪肾脏有出血点的病
⑴猪瘟、⑵猪伪狂犬病、⑶猪链球菌病、⑷仔猪低血糖病、⑸衣原体病、⑹猪附红细胞体病。
7.表现体温不高的猪传染病
⑴猪水肿病、⑵猪气喘病、⑶破伤风、⑷副结核病。
8.猪表现纤维素性胸膜肺炎和腹膜炎的病
⑴猪传染性胸膜炎、⑵猪链球菌病、⑶猪鼻支原体性浆膜炎和关节炎、⑷副猪嗜血杆菌病、⑸衣原体病、⑹慢性巴氏杆菌病。
9.猪肝脏表现出坏死灶的病
⑴猪伪狂犬病(针尖大小灰白色坏死灶)、⑵沙门氏菌病(针尖大小灰白色坏死灶)、⑶仔猪黄痢、⑷李氏杆菌病、⑸猪弓形虫病(坏死灶大小不一)、⑹猪的结核病。
10.伴有关节炎或关节肿大的猪病
⑴猪链球菌病、⑵猪丹毒、⑶猪衣原体病、⑷猪鼻支原体性浆膜炎和关节炎、⑸副猪嗜血杆菌病、⑹猪传染性胸膜肺炎、⑺猪乙型脑炎、⑻慢性巴氏杆菌病、⑼猪滑液支原体关节炎、⑽风湿性关节炎。
" 11.引发猪的肝脏变性和黄染的疾病
⑴猪附红细胞体病、⑵钩端螺旋体病、⑶梭菌性疾病(大猪是诺维氏梭菌)、⑷黄曲霉毒素中毒、⑸缺硒性肝病、⑹金属毒物中毒、⑺仔猪低血糖、⑻猪戊型肝炎。
12.引起猪睾丸炎肿胀或炎症的疾病
⑴布氏杆菌病、⑵猪乙型脑炎、⑶衣原体病、⑷类鼻疽。
13.表现皮肤发绀或有出血斑点的猪病
⑴猪瘟、⑵猪肺疫、⑶猪丹毒、⑷猪弓形虫病、⑸猪传染性胸膜肺炎、⑹猪沙门氏菌病、⑺猪链球菌病、⑻猪繁殖和呼吸道综合征、⑼猪附红细胞体病、⑽衣原体病、⑾猪感光过敏、⑿病毒性红皮病、⒀亚硝酸盐中毒。
14.猪剖检见有大肠出血的传染病
⑴猪瘟、⑵猪痢疾、⑶仔猪副伤寒。
15.引起猪小肠和胃粘膜炎症的传染病
⑴流行性腹泻、⑵传染性胃肠炎、⑶轮状病毒病、⑷仔猪黄痢、⑸猪链球菌病、⑹猪丹毒。
16.猪剖检见有间质性肺炎的传染病
⑴猪圆环病毒病、⑵猪繁殖和呼吸道综合征、⑶猪弓形虫病、⑷猪衣原体病。
17.猪正常血细胞值
⑴HB:13.1、⑵RBC:800、⑶WBC:9000-20000.
18.猪的耳廓增厚或肿胀的病
⑴猪感光过敏、⑵猪皮炎肾病综合征、⑶猪放线杆菌病。
19.常见未断奶仔猪呼吸道症状的病原体及病因
⑴猪繁殖和呼吸道综合征、⑵霉形体、⑶猪链球菌病、⑷克雷伯氏杆菌病、⑸副猪嗜血杆菌病、⑹巴氏杆菌病、⑺缺铁性贫血。
20.表现猪蹄裂的病因
⑴生物素缺乏、⑵饲喂生蛋白饲料、⑶地板粗糙、⑷硒中毒、⑸某些霉菌毒素所致。
21.引起猪的骨骼肌变性发白的病因
⑴恶性口蹄疫:成年猪患恶性口蹄疫时,骨骼肌变性发白发黄,而口腔、蹄部变化不明显,幼龄猪患口蹄疫时主要表现心肌炎和胃肠炎。
⑵应激综合征:肌肉分生变性呈白色。
⑶猪缺硒:仔猪一般发生白肌病(主要是一个月以内的发生),二个月左右的发生肝坏死和桑葚心。
⑷猪的肌红蛋白尿:骨骼肌和心肌发生变性和肿胀。
22.表现有神经症状的猪病
⑴猪传染性脑脊髓炎、⑵猪凝血性脑脊髓炎、⑶猪狂犬病、⑷猪伪狂犬病、⑸猪乙型脑炎、⑹猪脑心肌炎、⑺破伤风、⑻猪链球菌病、⑼猪李氏杆菌病、⑽猪水肿病、⑾猪维生素A缺乏、⑿仔猪低血糖、⒀某些中毒性疾病、⒁仔猪先天性震颤。
23.表现有呼吸道症状的猪病
⑴猪流感、⑵猪繁殖和呼吸道综合征、⑶猪圆环病毒病、⑷猪伪狂犬病、⑸萎缩性鼻炎、⑹猪巴氏杆菌病、⑺猪传染性胸膜肺炎、⑻气喘病、⑼衣原体病、⑽克雷伯氏菌病、⑾猪弓形虫病、⑿肺丝虫病。
24.表现有消化道症状的猪病
⑴猪大肠杆菌病、⑵猪沙门氏菌病、⑶猪痢疾、⑷弯曲杆菌性腹泻、⑸耶氏菌性结肠炎、⑹流行性腹泻、⑺猪传染性胃肠炎、⑻轮状病毒性腹泻、⑼猪-牛粘膜病、⑽小袋纤毛虫病、⑾仔猪杆虫病、⑿另外猪瘟、猪巴氏杆菌病、猪伪狂犬病、猪链球菌病、衣原体病、猪附红细胞体病、猪圆环病毒病等也兼有腹泻的症状。 楼主的ID名和此次事件还有些关联呢!
猪流感病毒的特点就是——禽猪人流感“三合一”!
两年以前的警告
钟南山:猪染禽流感病毒可传人 需制定防控指南
文章来源:农博网 更新时间:2007-1-30
“禽流感正在一步步逼近人类。如果禽流感和人类的流感同时爆发,那是最危险的。”24日上午在第一届中日医院感染对策高级研讨会上,中华医学会会长钟南山院士如是说。
猪染禽流感病毒可传人
钟南山介绍,除了与家禽直接接触外,最近专家还发现像鸭子等水禽的排出物中存在能传染给人的禽流感病毒,而这些水禽本身并不会得禽流感。除此之外,禽流感病毒还能通过一定的中介传染给人,最近发现猪感染了禽流感后很容易产生变异禽流感病毒,因为猪的某些器官和人身上的器官十分相似,所以这些变种病毒能在人身上传染。
“2003年到2007年全世界经实验证实的人感染禽流感案例共有269例,中国有22例,死亡14例,死亡率非常高。虽然目前没足够的证据证明禽流感能人传人,但人类的流感一旦和禽流感同时爆发,那人传人的情况就极有可能出现。”钟南山接着说道。
禽流感患者有喉咙肿痛症状
笔者24日从研讨会上获悉,伴随着禽流感以及近年来几次重大传染疾病的爆发,制定一部包括医院监测系统在内的、以加强传染病管理体制和标准化预防措施为主的传染病防控指南已势在必行。
“医院内存在着大量病原微生物,抵抗力弱的人群密集,再加上滥用大量抗生素造成菌群失调,这些都给院内感染提供了有利的条件。因此建立一部传染病防控指南,做好医护人员的针对性教育和专业培训相当重要。”钟南山对笔者说。他提醒与家禽有直接接触的市民要特别注意,与SARS等流感不同,禽流感伴随着明显的咽喉肿痛,而且能引起多器官衰竭。一旦市民有发烧、喉咙肿痛这些症状,一定要马上到医院检查。
来源:http://www.sxfs.gov.cn/aqdt/ShowArticle.asp?ArticleID=3974 病毒越来越多了,以前是SARS,现在是猪流感,以后不知道是什么呢? 来点专业点的介绍吧:
猪流感(Swine influenza,SI)是由A型流感病毒引起的一种猪的急性呼吸道传染病。流感病毒属于正黏病毒科,包括A、B、C、托高土病毒属4个属。A型流感病毒可以感染多种动物,包括许多禽类和哺乳动物。
一般认为流感病毒具有种属特异性,即禽流感病毒很难突破种间屏障直接感染人,但该病毒的一种分离株属古典型H1N1,极可能在人璠/font]畜璠/font]禽间相互传播,很多专家曾经预告过。
世界各地流行的SIV包括3种主要的亚型,即H1N1、H3N2和H1N2亚型,其中包括不同的基因型,即古典猪H1N1、类禽H1N1、类人H3N2、基因重配的H3N2以及多基因型的H1N2亚型。
我怀疑:这次的传播,主要是猪成为人流感病毒(H1N1和H3N2亚型)的贮存宿主,很有可能是古典型H1N1 SIV与类人H3N2流感病毒出先基因方面的变异。
Important Information about Swine Flu
As you may have seen in the media, there has been an outbreak of respiratory illness in Mexico, and similar cases of illness are now being reported in the United States, particularly in southern California, Texas and New York. Some of these cases have been confirmed as “swine flu,” a new strain of influenza A virus type H1N1, which is a hybrid derived from strains found in swine, birds, and humans and that appears to be capable of spreading from person to person, like the usual seasonal influenza strains. It is anticipated that most people will not have immunity to this strain. As of late Sunday, there have been 20 confirmed cases of swine flu in the United States, with most affected patients reporting mild flu-like symptoms and only one case requiring hospitalization. No deaths have been reported in this country. Because of concern for the possible further spread of this virus, the US Department of Health and Human Services and the World Health Organization have both declared this situation to be a public health emergency.
Below is information about how to identify and manage known or suspected swine flu cases, based on guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as of April 25, 2009. These guidelines, which could change as more information becomes available, are updated regularly on the CDC website (www.cdc.gov/swineflu).
Identifying possible cases
Case definition:
A patient should be considered a suspected case of swine flu if that person has an acute respiratory illness with fever AND:
1.close contact (within 6 feet) with a person known or suspected to have swine flu within 7 days preceding the onset of illness
OR
2.lived in or recently traveled to San Diego and Imperial Counties, California, Guadalupe County, Texas, or Mexico within the 7 days preceding the onset of illness. (Note that these locations could be subject to change on a daily basis.)
Diagnostic testing:
For suspected cases, respiratory samples should be sent to the virology lab for testing in the same manner as for seasonal influenza, except the requisition should indicate “suspected swine flu.”
Rapid diagnostic tests can also be used, but it is uncertain how these tests will perform with the new swine flu strain. Tests positive for influenza A could be associated with the swine flu virus or other seasonal influenza A strains (further testing of virology samples will be done by the State Lab for some samples). Tests positive for influenza B make it unlikely that the case is related to swine flu. Negative tests, however, cannot be used as evidence to exclude swine flu.
For Airborne Precautions – patient is placed in a negative pressure room and health care workers wear N95 respirators on entering the room.
For Contact Precautions – health care workers use Cal Stat (which inactivates influenza viruses) and then don gown and gloves prior to entering the patient’s room. Remove gown and gloves and then use Cal Stat on exiting the patient’s room.
The patient should be encouraged to use hand hygiene (soap and water or Cal Stat regularly) and if the patient leaves the room he/she should wear a surgical mask. If the patient is an outpatient or is discharged, he/she should be encouraged to remain home until the end of the infectious period, defined as 7 days after the onset of symptoms. Outpatients should be instructed in the use of regular hand hygiene and covering of coughs and sneezes with tissues at home.
Therapy and prophylaxis
The swine flu virus is susceptible to oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and zanamavir but resistant to amantadine and rimantadine.
Therapy with oseltamivir or zanamavir is recommended for suspected cases of swine flu in the same doses used for seasonal influenza for a duration of 5 days. These recommendations could change as more information becomes available.
Antiviral chemoprophylaxis (pre-exposure or post-exposure) with either oseltamivir or zanamavir (in same doses as used for prophylaxis against seasonal influenza) is recommended for:
1.Household contacts who are at high risk of complications of influenza (e.g., elderly and persons with chronic medical conditions) of a suspected or confirmed case;
2.School children who are at high risk for complications of influenza and who had close face-to-face contact with a confirmed or suspected case;
3.Travelers to Mexico or border workers (Mexico) who are at high risk of complications of influenza; and
4.Health care workers who had unprotected close contact with an ill confirmed case of swine flu during the patient’s infectious period (7 days).
Antiviral chemoprophylaxis can be considered for:
1.Health care workers at high risk for complications of influenza who are working in an area with confirmed swine flu cases and are caring for patients with any acute febrile respiratory illness; and
2.Non-high-risk persons who are travelers to Mexico, first responders or border workers who are working in areas with confirmed cases of swine flu.
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