maobu 发表于 2008-11-25 11:12:19

奧巴馬勝選演說文言版

欢迎大家品评一下这个翻译。。


奧巴馬勝選演說文言版
東東槍/譯



  Hello,Chicago!

  芝城父老,別來無恙,

  If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.

  余嘗聞世人有疑,不知當今美利堅凡事皆可成就耶?開國先賢之志方巋然於世耶?民主之偉力不減於昔年耶?凡存諸疑者,今夕當可釋然。

  It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.

  今夕之釋然,皆蒙美利堅民衆\之協力——學塾祠廟之外,市井鄉野之間,萬千父老心焦似焚,苦待竟日,願獻一票之力。其中,平生未嘗涉國事者,數亦不少,而今有此義舉,皆因一念不衰——今夫天下,非同既往,願發籲天之聲,必成動地之勢。

  It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America.

  今夕之釋然,皆仰吾國同胞之齊心——何談貧富老幼之差、黨社宗族之異,惶論發膚肌體之別、志趣愛惡之分。吾國既以“合衆\”為名,吾輩則更無疏離之意,紅藍二黨并肩而立,數十邦州挽手相合,無分你我,共稱一家,昂然於世,齊聲一呼,天下乃有此釋然。

  It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.

  今夕之釋然,皆因憤懣者之鎮靜,憂懼者之勇氣,猶疑者之篤定——平素世間種種,消磨其志向,潰滅其夢想,而值此風雲之際,除舊更新,當仁不讓,傾力而動乾坤者,更何人哉!

  It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.

  俟之誠\久,其志彌堅。幸天地明察,乃有今日,乃有此刻,乃有此一選舉,乃有我億萬美利堅大好國民——吾邦之大變革,方得自茲而始也!

  A little bit earlier this evening, I received an extraordinarily gracious call from Sen. McCain.

  Sen. McCain fought long and hard in this campaign. And he’s fought even longer and harder for the country that he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine. We are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him; I congratulate Gov. Palin for all that they’ve achieved. And I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.

  頃接參議員麥君凱恩電,雖未得晤,幸有一談,其言諄諄,其意誠\誠\,鄙人感佩之至。選戰期內,麥君勞碌幾重,奔波幾許,皆為國家計。諸般求索,時日良多,皆非余所能及。於國於民之驚人犧牲,亦非庸庸如吾輩者所可想見。以麥君之膽魄襟懷,能為吾邦所用,實國家之幸,萬民之幸也。前途漫漫,其事未竟,余所盼矚由衷者,唯共麥凱恩君、佩林君,及諸賢士比肩,會吾等之綿力,成吾邦之大業。

  I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on the train home to Delaware, the vice president-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.

  喬君拜登,亦吾所感銘至深者也。競選之業,艱險不足與外人道,幸有喬君之輔佐,其誠\天可鑒之。喬君其人,素言懇辭切,意篤情真,蓋嘗經斯蘭克頓街鄉鄰之提命,飽聆特拉華州父老之晤教也。他日余既登總統之位,喬君必當副之。

  And I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last 16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady Michelle Obama.

  拙荊米氏,追隨鄙人凡一十六年,既為愛侶,更為摯友,既為吾闔家之基石,又乃余終生之至愛。鄙人嘗自忖度,倘無賢妻若此,今朝闊論高談於此處者,不知何人矣!

  Sasha and Malia I love you both more than you can imagine. And you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the new White House.

  小女薩沙、瑪麗,余素深喜之。昔日為父嘗與汝等言,此番選戰若得一勝,願購小犬一頭相贈,待闔家喬遷總統府邸之日,偕汝等同進吾宅。今當勝負已出,既有一諾在前,必自踐行不欺也。

  And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother’s watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight. I know that my debt to them is beyond measure.

  祖母大人雖已仙逝,料必有靈在天,俯察人寰,想應頷首開顔矣。吾奧巴馬氏列祖列宗,亦當如是。今日今時,此情此景,鄙人追思之心,烏鳥之情,曷其有極!唯生死陌路,仙凡有別,雖懷反哺之心,而無答報之門也!

  To my sister Maya, my sister Alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all the support that you’ve given me. I am grateful to them.

  至若瑪雅、艾瑪二姐妹,以及吾家諸同胞,所惠我者,亦屬良多,久沐恩德,此當拜謝。

  And to my campaign manager, David Plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best — the best political campaign, I think, in the history of the United States of America.To my chief strategist David Axelrod who’s been a partner with me every step of the way.To the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.

  大衛•普勞夫君,大衛•阿克塞羅德君,一為鄙人競選事務之經理,一為鄙人國事韜略之智囊。余嘗自喟嘆,左右謀\士,余所仰賴者,皆亘古未見之賢才。普阿二君,則更此中之翹楚。區區不才,有何德能,可得膀臂若此?當此功成之際,感荷之心,亦自拳拳。

  But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to. It belongs to you. It belongs to you.

  至於鄙人銘之肺腑,須臾不敢忘懷者,則諸位也。蓋今日鄙人之勝績,實諸位之勝績,鄙人之榮光,實諸位之榮光!

  I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington. It began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston. It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 to the cause.

  余素樸陋,雖有參選之心,并無必勝之志。謀\事之初,銀資乏匱,從者寥寥;起事之地,皆蔽寓荒齋,不在高閣;成事之基,無非尋常百姓,涓滴之獻。

  It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.

  It drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of Americans who volunteered and organized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people, and for the people has not perished from the Earth.

  今日之勝,有賴一衆\熱血青年,拋其家,別其室,不辭其苦,不計其酬,矻矻於此——“國中青年愛國之心已泯”之謬論,今可休矣!今日之勝,有賴壯志未已之諸前輩,無懼寒暑,行走奔波,勸說民衆\。今日之勝,乃數百萬美利堅民衆\之勝,察其意,皆屬踴躍為國,觀其行,處處謹嚴有序,足堪告慰二百年前開國之先賢——民有、民治、民享之政體,未嘗動搖也!

  This is your victory.

  嗟夫!此實諸位之功也!

  And I know you didn’t do this just to win an election. And I know you didn’t do it for me.You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime — two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.

  余知諸君之意非在此一選舉,亦非在鄙人一身。蓋瞻前路之艱辛,益知此任非同小可也。雖今夕歡賀於此,而明朝酒醒,大患仍自當前,不容有怠——兩地烽煙熊熊而起,四海之內紛紛而亂,金融業界惶惶而不得寧。

  Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us.There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors’ bills or save enough for their child’s college education. There’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet, alliances to repair.

  是夜,飲宴笙歌之聲不絕於耳,而異邦大漠群山中,吾國大好青年,兀自苦戍邊塞,惝恍竟夜,性命尚未得安。吾國千萬庶民,為人父母者,兀自惴惴難眠,所憂者,乃房宅所貸、病患之費、撫育之資也。至若吾國能源之耗,百業之興,庠序之教,攻伐之術,懷遠之道,亦皆吾等忡忡掛懷者也。

  The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even in one term. But, America, I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you, we as a people will get there.

  渺渺乎其遠,如不可達,危危乎其高,若不可攀。朝夕歲月,焉得成就?余不揣愚鈍,願以四載韶華,付諸此業,勝算何如雖不可知,然昂揚必勝之奇志,成就偉業之壯懷,平生未之有也。君子一諾,其重何如,此地今夕,願鬥膽發一狂言——吾輩既在,其事必成!

There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as president. And we know the government can’t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And, above all, I will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the only way it’s been done in America for 221 years — block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.

  逶迤坎坷,份內之事。異見爭端,料必有之。國中之政府,諒非無所不能者。余所秉承不移者,唯忠信矣。倘有危難於前,必無欺瞞於世。諸君言論臧否,縱悖逆相左之議,余必當洗耳以聆。於此之外,更當懇請諸君,不吝心血,致力報效,以振吾美利堅重興之業。余亦別無他想,唯盼吾儕協力,延繼吾國既肇二百二十一年之大統,匯涓滴之力,而成萬世之業。

  What began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek. It is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It can’t happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.

  昔年冬日,余有志於斯,投身此業,屈指算來,倏然近二載矣。當此秋夜,追思反省,仍無潰退逃亡之意。選戰之勝,無非一役之功,余夢寐所思矢志所求者,非在乎此。溯源究本,此役之勝,不過革世變時一大好良機耳。倘止步於斯,垂手而待,或無諸君傾力相援,則壯志豐功,無非泡影,諸般夢想,終必虛妄。

  So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other. Let us remember that, if this financial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers. In this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.

  愛國之心,報國之念,吾人固有之,然逢今日之世,此心此念亦當一變——吾輩各執己業,益當各竭其力,各盡其命,非但為一己之利,而更期普世之榮。今歲,金融業界動蕩多舛,細審觀之,當可以之為鑒——實業之損,亦是金融之傷。可知,既在邦域之內,吾輩榮辱休戚,皆相與共矣!

  Let’s resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let’s remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and national unity.Those are values that we all share.

  黨爭紛紜,陰謀\卑鄙,愚魯無知,皆腐蝕清白、惑亂政局之弊也,其緣由已久,余今願與諸君協力,共滅除之。昔年曾有此郡先賢,執共和黨之幟,而掌總統府之權。自強獨立,自由統一等信念,皆斯人之所倡,亦吾輩之所宗。

  And while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.

  今歲選戰,吾民主黨人幸有一勝,然謙遜和合之心未嘗少減。余素信服者,乃山河破碎之際,林肯總統之言——“既是至親,終不為敵。雖弩張劍拔,而血脈未嘗斷,情義不少減。”

  And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn, I may not have won your vote tonight, but I hear your voices. I need your help. And I will be your president, too.

  固然,仍有四方志士,不為鄙人所動,另有高明之選。雖終慳此一票之緣,然諸君高論,余亦聲聲在耳,字字在心。倘能得諸君之援手,鄙人幸甚。他日待余總而統之,亦必不另眼以待也。

  And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces, to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of the world, our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand.

  吾邦民衆\,散居天下,各安其命,而其志一也。吾邦鼎盛之勢,今已乍現鋒芒。

  To those — to those who would tear the world down: We will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security: We support you. And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright: Tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity and unyielding hope.

  至於心懷叵測,與世人為仇、與天下為敵者,吾邦猛志常在,彼等必取滅亡。心思純良,久慕大同者,吾輩當傾力以助,鼎力相援。猶疑未定,不知吾自由之邦興衰如何者,吾輩願以今日盛況以告之——美利堅之所以謂之“美”者,非刀兵之強,金銀之衆\,實民主、自由、機遇、夢想之美也!

  That’s the true genius of America: that America can change. Our union can be perfected. What we’ve already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.

  天自有道,地自有德,恩賦吾邦無上異禀——無他,唯變而已矣。美利堅變革不怠,合衆\國日趨盡善。當以過往先賢之偉績,助吾儕今日之雄心,開子孫萬世之輝光。

  This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that’s on my mind tonight’s about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing: Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.

  今歲選戰,多開亘古之先,屢傳千秋佳話。感我至深者,亞特蘭大之老嫗安•尼克鬆•庫帕也——庫氏之一票,於數百萬美利堅民衆\之選票無異,其所以引人稱奇者,其人今歲高齡一百有六矣。

  She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons — because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.

  當其父輩之時,天道不彰,黑人為奴。庫氏其生也不逢時,汽車尚不行於道,飛機未曾起於空,庫氏既屬黑人,又系女流,票選一事,概無瓜葛。

  And tonight, I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in America — the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.

  今日今時,回溯庫氏百歲之涯,但見吾邦先賢屢敗屢戰,且退且進,悲欣交集,甘苦雜陳。幸而正道存焉,壯志存焉,曰:吾輩既在,無所不能。

  At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.

  萬馬齊喑,其事堪哀,吾邦女界怒而起,憤而爭,苦戰不歇,歷數十載。幸哉庫氏,以百歲之高齡,終得親見女流自立於世,重獲天賦之權——吾輩既在,無所不能!

  When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs, a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.

  當百業蕭條,國人絕望哀鳴之際,庫氏親見吾美利堅出曠世之新政,挽狂瀾於既倒,扶大廈之將傾,退畏懼之勢,扶奮勇之心,終至人各有位,民心乃安——吾輩既在,無所不能!

  When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.

  當吾國良港遭襲,天下桀紂當道,暴政肆虐之時,庫氏親見豪傑群起,民主不衰——吾輩既在,無所不能!

  She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that “We Shall Overcome.” Yes we can.

  蒙哥馬利公車之罷輟,伯明翰城黑人之群起,塞爾瑪城血雨腥風之事,庫氏般般親歷。更曾親聆亞特蘭大傳教之士振臂登高之呼——“吾等必勝!”誠\哉斯言!吾輩既在,無所不能!

  A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.

  俟科學昌明於世,創想通貫一時,既登廣寒之闕,又潰柏林之墻。洋洋乎!有百年如是,乃見今歲選戰中,庫氏之一票。浩浩兮!一百零六載交鋒更迭,方有美利堅今日之變革——吾輩既在,無所不能!

  America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves — if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?

  轉眼興亡過手,而今邁步從頭。追昔撫今,不禁捫心而問——俟再歷百年歲月,倘吾等後輩兒孫,亦有得享高壽如庫氏者,複可見何等之變數?吾輩今日之功,他年可得而見之乎?

  This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time, to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth, that, out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope. And where we are met with cynicism and doubts and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people: Yes, we can.

  所謂天命時運\,莫過於此——當為吾邦萬民造安身立命之業,為吾輩兒孫啓各顯雄才之門,為寰宇各國創太平靜好之世,為吾等壯志賦千秋不滅之元神。吾邦立國之本,必將光耀於天下。萬千同胞,當如一人,一息尚存,夢想不滅。縱有世人旁觀在側,而疑竇生焉,吾輩亦當以千秋不易之訓共答之曰——吾輩既在,無所不能!

  Thank you. God bless you. And may God bless the United States of America.

  拜謝諸君。願天佑吾民,天佑吾邦。

来源:大公网
http://takungpao.com/news/08/11/19/ZM-992556.htm

秋水小柯 发表于 2008-11-25 17:14:35

奥巴马胜选演说.京剧版

(二簧导板)  奥巴马撩袍服讲台来上,
(回龙)    芝加哥众父老细听端详:
(反二簧慢板) 这几日百姓们纷纷言讲,
        怀疑这美国梦是一枕黄粱。
        今夜晚恰好比答卷展放,
        众百姓排长队投票奔忙。
        见几个年轻的神清气爽,
        见几个年长者益壮老当;
        见几个有钱的财粗气壮,
        见几个无钱的神采飞扬。
        见几个民主党和共和党,
        见几个黑人、白人,西班牙、亚细亚,同性、异性,
        身残志强、体健心康,一个个趾高气扬。
(反二簧原板) 今夜晚我辈等把功业来创,
        成众志风云会虎跃龙骧。
        历史弯弓犹如秋月样,
        认扣搭弦射向正前方。
        这一场大变革从天而降,
        为此刻已等了日久天长。
        适才间麦凯恩电话探望,
        我与他君子之交并未参商。
        此一刻想起了我竞选搭档,
        乔拜登可算得架海金梁。
        还有我夫人把家业来掌,
        萨莎、玛丽亚是我女儿一双。
        想起了外祖母将我抚养,
        可叹她一命归天堂。
        对家人感激情难于述讲,
        还有那普劳夫执掌阴阳。
        思良臣忆家属再想上一想,
        眼前的众父老功高无双。
        众百姓为竞选群情激荡,
        众百姓为竞选慷慨解囊;
        此胜利可标得凌烟阁上,
        此胜利可落得万古名扬。
        虽然是此胜利意义高广,
        尚有那诸挑战就在前方:
        阿富汗、伊拉克两场战仗,
        金融界掀风波势如虎狼;
        医疗度用要算上账,
        各种欠款要来还偿。
        虽然是路难行需要闯荡,
        军民人等、文武百官,并肩往、走一场,
        把艰难平趟,料也无妨。
        此时间要的是团结向上,
        把一辈古人说比方:
        昔日里有一个林肯皇上,
        进白宫扛党旗自立自强。
        平分裂息纷争结盟两党,
        他也曾在南方动过刀枪。
        到后来海晏河清太平日享,
        美利坚如灯塔大放光芒。
        这民主是我朝无形宝藏,
        为明天促变革日月增光。
        猛然间又一人记起心上,
        站讲台尊父老细听其详,这是位年迈的娘行:
        安妇人百六岁天年颐养,
        经三世阅广历饱经风霜。
        她眼见经济界摆脱绝望,
        她眼见妇人们权同儿郎;
        她眼见烽烟起在珍珠港,
        她眼见平权后法制伸张;
        她眼见登月宫冲破天网,
        她眼见众人推倒柏林墙。
        到如今走过了人生一场,
        无忧无虑落得个安康。
        倘若是我二女如她一样,
        百年回首是怎样的时光?
(二簧散板)  大选后且把这天数展望,
        齐努力定能够国富民强。
        一时间说不尽衷肠以往,
        望空中告上帝保佑我邦。

2046 发表于 2008-11-25 20:53:17

小柯高才啊!

cicerocicero 发表于 2008-11-26 23:53:36

梁文道说:奥巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利(http://www.infzm.com/content/8162);尽管那篇文章里他对“修辞学”的使用角度是广义的,但唐小兵在《南方周末》上的文章,就地地道道的是一篇“修辞学”赏析了(随附于下,供看官一赏)。

奥巴马的雄辩术

  □唐小兵[美国密歇根大学教授]

  三个重叠的“假若”

  如果还有人对奥巴马的演说才能将信将疑,还有人怀疑一场草根性的群众运动在中产阶级的美国能否真正成功,还有人对激情和希望所能激发的巨大能量怀抱狐疑,那么在11月4日,这个现代世界政治史上举足轻重的日子,所有这些疑虑都得到了一个明确的答案。这天晚上,笑到最后的是巴拉克·奥巴马。他在芝加哥格兰特公园的获胜演说,既遵循着美国政治文化的基本准则,同时也沉着坚定地宣告了一个新的历史阶段的来临。

  就连麦凯恩选举团队的成员,也不得不佩服奥巴马的演说才能,称其为一代人中难得一见的雄辩家。相对于常常是词不达意、强词夺理的小布什,奥巴马口头表达的准确和流畅,无疑令人觉得耳目一新。他最重要的几篇演说都是气势磅礴,节奏分明,言简意赅,既有林肯式的深邃和思辨,也有马丁·路德·金的激情和抑扬顿挫,不仅能感染打动眼前的听众,事后也经得起推敲细读,反复品味。

  奥巴马演说中最常见的修辞手法,可以称为三叠法,即用同样的句式、语气或段落,来并置三个相关而又不同的内容,层层推进,一气呵成。这自然远非奥巴马的发明,在希腊神话、圣经故事和童话传说里处处可见,但可以说被他发挥到了极致。他的获胜演说的第一段,便是一个具体例证。“假若还有人在那里怀疑美国是否真是一个一切皆有可能的国度,假若还有人在质疑我们的奠基者的梦想是否依然存活于我们这个时代,假若还有人对我们民主制度的力量半信半疑,那么今晚你得到了一个答案。”通过这三个重叠的“假若”,奥巴马勾勒出的,实际上是他选举获胜的几层意义:显示出“美国梦”的独特性和普遍价值,肯定他的获胜是对美国政治文化传统的继承而不是离异,同时重申大选赋予他的体制上的合法性和权威。这三个假设的怀疑者,既可以是国外对美国的批评者,也可以是国内对奥巴马的诋诽者。奥巴马此处强调的“我们民主制度的力量”,显然不同于小布什处心积虑四处兜售的“民主”,而是民主制度在美国的坚实稳定。

  在接下来的三段里,奥巴马用几乎同样的句式,一步紧似一步地阐述是谁提供了这样一个无可置疑的答案:是热情的选民,不分男女、贫富、种族、信仰和党派的选民,是那些毅然抛弃成见和冷漠的选民,是那些第一次拿起选票的选民。在这里,奥巴马一方面必须强调他代表的变革和新气象,因为这是他竞选的基本承诺,另一方面他又不能把这场规模空前的大选描写成一场革命或者是改朝换代。他既要提醒国内的选民一个新的时代确已来临,又要告诉国际社会和那些狐疑观望者,美国依然是美国,不仅没有被颠覆,反而更加辉煌。换言之,奥巴马在这里遵循的是“对内民主对外集中制”:“这一次必须不同于以往”,但“我们仍然而且永远都是美利坚合众国”。

  这一节的第三段最富有诗意,因为间接引用了马丁·路德·金的一句名言,但同时也含了一句颇为费解的复句,甚至可以说不尽合逻辑。(正是在这里奥巴马讲演时有一个不易察觉的停顿。)“这个答案还引导了另外一些人———他们长期以来不断被别人怂恿,因而对我们可能取得的成就冷眼相待、充满畏惧和狐疑———引导他们用双手把握住历史的弧线,并将它再次推向对美好明天的期待。”(1967年8月,在一篇题为“我们向何处去?”的演讲中,马丁·路德·金如此告慰他的听众:“让我们记住横跨道德宇宙的弧线是漫长的,但它偏向正义。”)此句费解之处,在于其表述的因果关系。是因为有了骇世惊俗的答案,才使得那些被误导的选民得以把握历史的长弧,还是由于他们终于奋起推动了历史,才使得这个答案成为可能?

  奥巴马在这里引用马丁·路德·金的用意当然是深远的。当他在接下来的一句中说“这是一次漫长的等待”时,奥巴马指的不仅仅是小布什倾家荡产的八年,而是暗示出20世纪中叶黑人民权运动至今的历史,也可以说是美国自1770年代开国至今的历史。“但是在今晚,因为你们在这一天,在这次选举中,在这个决定性时刻所做的一切,变革终于来到了美国。”无疑,这终于来临的变革,和“漫长的等待”所包含的历史经验息息相关。将“大合唱”转化为“赞美诗”

  整篇演说词中,奥巴马没有一次提及自己半非裔的身份,也没有提及他将成为第一个带有非裔血统的美国总统,但他又无处不在提醒他的听众这样一个难以置信的事实,邀请他们在纵深的历史画卷中来共同领悟此时此刻的意义。

  奥巴马演讲中三次引用的另一位历史巨人,则是解放黑奴、统一南北的林肯总统。在依照规则向败选者表示敬意,向竞选伙伴以及妻子女儿和竞选团队等等表示感谢之后,奥巴马把自己的胜利归功于自己的支持者。“我永远不会忘记这个胜利最终是属于谁的。它属于你们!它属于你们!”这个“你们”,是草根的、庶民的,是废寝忘食的志愿者,是慷慨解囊的平民百姓。只是在这个语境里,奥巴马才用简短却含意深远的一句话来概括他自己:“我最初并不是这个职位最有可能的候选人。”“我们开始的时候并没有很多的资金,也没有得到很多人的认可。我们的竞选并非始自于华盛顿厅堂里的高谈阔论,而是从德梅恩市大大小小的后院、康科德市的起居室、查尔斯顿市的房前凉台里开展起来的。我们的竞选是由辛勤工作的人们发动起来的,他们从自己微薄的积蓄中拿出钱来,5美元、10美元、20美元地捐献给这个事业。”颇具深意的是,奥巴马此刻说的是“事业”或者说“目的”,替换了他在竞选期间使用的“运动”一词。2月5日,同样是在芝加哥,为了争取民主党内提名,奥巴马曾如此激励他的听众:“属于我们的时刻已经来临。我们的运动真切实在。变革即将来到美国!”在那次演说中,奥巴马如此描绘他的不可阻挡的竞选运动:“从斯普林菲尔德传开的沙沙耳语,已经高涨成千百万人呼唤变革的大合唱。这场大合唱不可忽视,不可阻挠……它将回荡在我们的土地上,像一曲赞美诗,愈合这个国家,修复这个世界,并使这一次不同于任何以往。”从“运动”到“事业”的转变,也就是从在野到执政的转变。奥巴马显然明白此时将“大合唱”转化为“赞美诗”的重要性。因此在赞扬数以百万计的志愿者和组织者的同时,奥巴马在获胜演说里直接祭出林肯的名言:这数以百万计的人们“证明了,两个多世纪之后,一个民有、民治、民享的政府仍然没有从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利!”由此,奥巴马转入他获胜演说的核心部分,即从庆祝胜利转向阐述执政理想。他从美国面临的具体挑战入手,提醒人们“明天带来的将是我们一生中所见到的最大挑战:两场战争,岌岌可危的地球,一百年来最严重的金融危机”。但这只是一个短暂的过渡,因为奥巴马决心提倡一种新的精神,激励一种百废待兴时的希望和奉献。奥巴马所要号召的,是一次“民族再造”,而这个再造工程的必由之路,是重返勤奋、坚忍的传统美德,一砖一瓦,胼手胝足的不懈努力。善于引用《圣经》来传播信息

  这个“民族再造”的号召,奥巴马首先用大多数美国人耳熟能详的《圣经》语言风格发出,简洁而又充满寓意,几乎让人感受到摩西率领犹太人出埃及时所表现出来的坚忍和信念,向着“流动着牛奶和蜂蜜”的应许之地迈进:“前方的旅途还很漫长,道路还很崎岖。我们有可能无法在一年两年甚至一届任期内达到目的,但是美国,我从来没有像今晚这样充满信心,相信我们一定会到达!我向你们许诺:作为一个民族,我们一定会到达!”作为基督教徒,面对的又是深受宗教话语影响的美国民众,奥巴马善于引用《圣经》来传播他的信息。8月28日,在接受民主党提名的演说中,奥巴马如此表述他的社会理想:“这就是美国的承诺———即懂得我们个人都要对自己负责,但我们作为一个民族却生死与共;即深信我是我兄弟的看护人,我是我姊妹的看护人。”(“我兄弟的看护人”源自《圣经》“创世记”中该隐和亚伯的故事。)

  在获胜演说中,奥巴马紧接着又用世俗化的政治语汇,来解释“我兄弟的看护人”和“民族再造”的关系:“而如果我们仍然按照旧有的方式行事,这一切都不可能发生。如果没有你们,没有一种新的服务精神,新的奉献精神,一切都不会发生。因此,让我们发扬新的爱国精神,新的责任感,让我们每个人都真心投入、加倍努力,不仅照看好自己,更要相互照看。”奥巴马在林肯那里再次找到对这种新的爱国精神的定义:林肯曾经代表的共和党,提倡的是“自力更生,个人自由,国家统一”,而这不仅是今天的民主党所信奉的基本价值,也是全体美国人应该信奉的基本价值。

  奥巴马接下来对美国对外政策的表述是简短有力的,告别了小布什和新保守主义的咄咄逼人。“对所有从大洋彼岸关注着今晚大选的人们,无论你是在议会大厅还是皇宫,对在世界某个遥远的角落聚拢在收音机旁的人们,我要告诉你们,虽然我们的故事各不相同,但我们的命运是共同的,一个新的美国领导方式已经像曙光一样升起。

  ……对于那些质疑美国这盏指路明灯是否依然璀璨的人,今晚我们再一次证明,我们国家真正的力量不是我们的优良武器,不是我们的巨大财富,而是我们不朽的理想———民主、自由、机会和不屈的希望。”奥巴马的遗漏

  让我为之扼腕的是,奥巴马在这样一个举世瞩目的历史舞台上,却偏偏把美国的奠基者在《独立宣言》中首先提出的“人人生来平等”的诉求遗漏了,用“机会和不屈的希望”替代了“平等”和“追求幸福的权利”。而奥巴马恰恰是最应该知道,并不是所有的机会都是平等的,他之所以当选为总统,更是对一方面宣布“人人生来平等”,一方面又默认奴隶制的《独立宣言》在象征意义上的最后完善。和其后法国大革命喊出的“自由,平等,博爱”的口号相比,奥巴马这里提出的四项基本原则也要狭窄温和得多,凸显出当代美国主流意识形态的基本要素。奥巴马在这里不能鲜明地把“平等”作为一个“不朽的理想”提出来,实际上使他所呼吁的“新的爱国精神,新的责任感”大打折扣,也模糊了他所期盼的“我兄弟的看护人”的形象。这也许是他有意无意做出的一个妥协,不妨看作是共和党保守势力在竞选后期把他描成赤裸裸的“社会主义者”的后果之一。

  奥巴马讲演的一个特色,便是他能从容不迫地从一个话题转向另一个话题,不露痕迹地缝合语气、情绪、概念和论点上的起承转合。但恰好是在这里,我们看到一丝裂缝:在把美国的强大归结为其不朽的理想之后,紧接下来的一句赞颂的却是美国人对变革的积极态度。这里的衔接有些突兀,因为“不朽的理想”和“变革精神”之间的关系并不是一目了然:“这才是美国的精华,即美国能自我变革。我们的联邦可以日臻完善。”这最后一句,牵引出的是奥巴马3月18日在费城发表的关于美国种族问题的演说,《一个更加完善的联邦》。这篇随即被评论家认为是经典之作的演说词,正是以美国宪法开篇第一句来破题:“我们美利坚合众国的人民,为了组织一个更加完善的联邦。”但奥巴马此刻只是点到为止。在用三个直接有力的句子把“变革”,“更加完善的联邦”和“希望”这竞选时期的三个核心概念做一次画龙点睛式的强调之后,他舒缓语气,用亲切叙事的口吻,重新把听众带回到这次大选本身,带回到历史现场,从而进入他演讲的第三,也是高潮部分:“这次大选带来了很多第一次,也留下了很多将世代流传的故事。而今天晚上让我难以忘怀的一个故事,讲的是一位在亚特兰大投下一票的妇女。跟这次选举中千千万万其他的选民一样,她也通过排队投票来表达心声,只是有一点,安·尼克松·库珀已是106岁的高龄。”

  插进一个真实的普通人

  在演讲或报道中安插进一个具体真实的普通人物,是美国的政客和记者最常用的手法,目的是拉近与听众或是读者之间的距离。奥巴马在这里也不例外。他要透过库珀老人漫长的一生,来历数20世纪的沧海桑田,以她的所见所闻,使巨大的历史进程变得真切可感,再借用她的长寿,来激发听众一起想象未来的一百年。

  作为一位妇女,一位生活在美国南方的黑人,库珀老人确实是经历得太多太多,见证的无疑是“一次漫长的等待”。“今天晚上,我想到的是她在美国这过去的一百年间所经历的种种:伤心和希望,抗争和进步;那些人家对我们说不能的时日,还有那些勇往直前的人们,依靠的正是那个最美国的信念:是的,我们做得到!”“是的,我们做得到”是奥巴马竞选活动的一个标志性口号和符号,以文字、图像、音乐和影视的形式广为流传,无数次地在每一次竞选集会里外回荡。库珀老人顽强的生命,提供给奥巴马的正是他所命名的“美国信念”的最好说明。因此他一连用六个小段落来概括库珀老人所经历的变迁,每一段他都用“是的,我们做得到!”来打住。这渐行渐强、反复出现的主题,感染着听众,并推动他们一起加入。当奥巴马第三次重复“是的,我们做得到!”时,他的声音越发坚定,聚集在格兰特公园里的听众也越来越多地跟着他一起宣告,共同抒发,互相激励:“是的,我们做得到!”在讲演中加进表演的成分,把个人讲演转化成集体的表达,使在场的听众从被动听布道到激情投入,最后达到群情激昂,引吭高歌的境界,这在黑人的教会里有着悠久的传统。而奥巴马对此传统可以说是驾轻就熟。当他以“这是属于我们的时刻,这是属于我们的时机”再一次向全体美国人民发出号召,并第七次重复“是的,我们做得到!”的时候,全场几十万听众几乎全部加入了这场大合唱,大狂欢,从而把这场在全世界瞩目下进行的庆祝典礼推向了最高潮。

  本文标题及小标题为编辑所加
http://www.nanfangdaily.com.cn/epaper/nfzm/content/20081120/ArticelD25002FM.htm

adam310 发表于 2008-11-27 13:31:48

都是牛人~
奥巴马 我对他的印象还不错
最近都没有时间关注国际大事
现在期待的就是 奥巴马 能够进一步的认识到中国的强大
将国际关系 调节好 不要再用霸主的态度来对待国际形势

woyuni 发表于 2008-11-28 15:47:28

这世界牛人太多。
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