唾液蛋白谱有望替代血液检查
Protein map of human spit createdCHICAGO (Reuters) - U.S. researchers have identified all 1,116 unique proteins found in human saliva glands, a discovery they said on Tuesday could usher in a wave of convenient, spit-based diagnostic tests that could be done without the need for a single drop of blood.
芝加哥（路透通讯社） -美国研究人员已识别出1 116在人类唾液腺发现的独特的蛋白质,他们说,周二,该发现就会展示一下基于唾液的诊断测试的巨大便利,而不需要一滴血.
As many as 20 percent of the proteins that are found in saliva are also found in blood, said Fred Hagen, a researcher at the University of Rochester Medical Center in New York who worked on the study.
Fred Hagen,研究员,在纽约罗切斯特大学医学中心深造.他说”在唾液中被发现的约20 ％的蛋白质同样在血液中也存在.”
\"This is potentially a large field that has many clinical implications in the area of disease diagnostics,\" said Hagen, whose work was published in the Journal of Proteome Research.
\"这是一个潜在的巨大的市场,在疾病诊断领域方面产生很大的临床影响,哈根说,他们的成果在Journal of Proteome Research上已发表.
The researchers hope saliva-based tests could be used to diagnose cancer, heart disease, diabetes and a number of other conditions.
研究人员希望,以唾液为基础的测试可以被用来诊断癌症,心脏病,糖尿病和一些其他疾病.
\"To be able to diagnose disease using saliva, you really have to have a comprehensive understanding of the saliva proteome,\" Hagen said in a telephone interview.
\"为了能用唾液诊断疾病，你需要对唾液蛋白质组有一个全面的认识\",哈根在电话采访中说.
Like a genome, which lists all of the genes in an organism, a proteome is a complete map of proteins. While genes provide the instruction manual, proteins carry out the instructions by regulating cellular processes.
就像一个基因组,能列出了一个生物的所有的基因,蛋白质组就是一个完整的蛋白质地图.基因提供了指导手册,而蛋白质通过调节细胞过程实现指导.
Researchers from five universities -- the University of Rochester, The Scripps Research Institute, the University of Southern California, The University of California San Francisco and the University of California Los Angeles -- sought to determine the complete set of proteins secreted by the major salivary glands.
来自五所大学的研究者-美国罗切斯特大学,斯克里普斯研究所,南加州大学,旧金山加州大学和洛杉矶加州大学-设法确定了一套完整的由大唾液腺腺体分泌的蛋白质.
They collected saliva from 23 healthy men and women of several races. They tested saliva samples using some form of mass spectrometry, which determines the identity of proteins based on measurements of their mass and charge.
他们收集了几个种族的23名健康成年男女的唾液.他们使用某种质谱法检验唾液样本,该法根据测量它们的质量和电荷去鉴别蛋白质.
They compared their findings with recent protein maps of human blood and tears.
他们将他们的研究结果与最新的关于人血与眼泪的蛋白质地图做了比较.
Early analysis has already turned up a number of proteins with known roles in Alzheimer's, Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases; breast, colorectal and pancreatic cancer and diabetes.
早期分析工作已发现了一些蛋白质在老年痴呆症,舞蹈病和帕金森氏病,乳癌,结肠直肠癌和胰腺癌和糖尿病中所起的作用.
Most of the proteins were part of signaling pathways, which are key to the body's response to system-wide diseases.
大部分的蛋白质都属于信号传导路径的一部分,身体对于整个系统的疾病所做的反应,这些蛋白质起到关键作用.
Hagen said the work should accelerate the development of new tools for tracking disease throughout the body.
哈根说,这项工程将加速跟踪遍布全身疾病的新工具的发展.
Already there are saliva-based antibody tests to detect human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, and hepatitis infections, Hagen said. He said this protein map will provide new targets.
哈根说,目前已经有以唾液为基础的抗体检验去检测人类免疫缺陷病毒,艾滋病毒,肝炎病毒感染.他说,这种蛋白质地图将提供新的目标.
\"Monitoring disease as well as drug use could be more easily done with saliva as opposed to blood or urine,\" he said.
他说\"利用唾液,而不是血液或尿液,去监测疾病和药物使用可能会更容易 \"
Other groups are working on a saliva-based test for breast cancer that would detect a protein fragment from the HER2 protein. Hagen said such tests could eventually replace uncomfortable and costly mammograms.
其他团体正致力于一项以唾液为基础的关于乳腺癌的测试，这个测试将检测一种源于HER2蛋白质的蛋白质片段.哈根说,这样的试验最终可能取代不舒服并且昂贵的乳房X光检查.
\"We envision in the future spitting in a tube and looking for a marker like this breast cancer marker. It would be much easier to do, potentially at home,\" he said.
\"我们可以设想在将来在软管中吐点唾液,找寻一个类似乳腺癌这样的标志物,那将是非常容易做的,可能在家里，\"他说.
\"Given that we've made this information publicly available, we fully expect a number of research groups will be picking their favorite targets and developing their own tests. That is the intent -- to create a wealth of data to stimulate more research and increase the chances of producing better diagnostic tests,\" Hagen said.
\"既然我们已经将这方面的资料公开,我们非常期望更多的研究小组选择自己喜爱的目标,并开发自己的研究.以下都是愿望--创造丰富的数据,去刺激更多的研究,为制作更好的诊断试验增加机会,\"哈根说.
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