免疫耐受研究进展
近些年来，免疫耐受治疗癌症和自发免疫疾病的临床应用引起了人们广泛的关注。免疫系统的特点是能够区别自身与非自身的抗原，它能够对自身细胞产生耐受，而对病原菌或者恶性细胞产生免疫应答。这种耐受和免疫之间的关系是动态的，在体内能够被很好的平衡，如果动态平衡的天平倾向任何一端都有可能导致有害的病理状况，比如产生自身免疫反应，感染等等。基于免疫方法的癌症治疗当中，免疫耐受是一个很重要的因素。癌症的微环境是动态的，很多细胞同其他细胞互作，在这样的环境当中，大多数的免疫治疗缺乏克服免疫耐受的能力。研究发现耐受性细胞可以治疗非正常免疫反应带来的各种紊乱，比如慢性疾病，自发免疫疾病等等。而且细胞免疫治疗可以同干细胞治疗一同抑制自发的、移植排斥宿主的反应。但是还需要注意，非特异性和不可控制的免疫耐受可能会让易病人群有机会感染疾病。
潜在的细胞治疗，包括免疫治疗和细胞替代疗法，由于一些因素而受到限制。现在多能干细胞的发展能够产生更多的自体同源耐受性细胞。更好的理解免疫耐受在不同的实验设置和动物模型中存在和稳定的机制，将有助于我们去调控免疫耐受细胞在体内和体外的不同发展，为细胞耐受治疗提供动力。
相关论文发表在爱思唯尔期刊《先进药物输送评论》（Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews）上。（科学新闻杂志 周媛媛/编译）
（Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews），Volume 60, Issue 2, 14 January 2008, Pages 91-105，Ping-Ying Pan，Shu-Hsia Chen
Advancements in immune tolerance
Ping-Ying Pan, a, , Junko Ozaoa, Zuping Zhoua and Shu-Hsia Chen, a,
aDepartment of Gene and Cell Medicine, Box 1946, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA
Received 2 August 2007; accepted 14 August 2007. Available online 5 October 2007.
Abstract
In recent years, considerable attention has been given to immune tolerance and its potential clinical applications for the treatment of cancers and autoimmune diseases, and the prevention of allo-graft rejection and graft-versus-host diseases. Advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of establishment and maintenance of immune tolerance in various experimental settings and animal models, and in our ability to manipulate the development of various immune tolerogenic cells in vitro and in vivo, have generated significant momentum for the field of cell-based tolerogenic therapy. This review briefly summarizes the major tolerogenic cell populations and their mechanisms of action, while focusing mainly on potential exploitation of their tolerogenic mechanisms for clinical applications.
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