tycoon 发表于 2008-1-12 16:40:58

商务电子邮件写作注意事项(2)

 多使用主动语态
  (Use active voice more)
  句子的主语为动作的执行者时,谓语的语态形式称为主动语态;句子的主语为动作的承受者时,谓语的语态形式称为被动语态。商务电子邮件中,多使用主动语态会使电子邮件风格直接有力,句子结构简洁明了。比较以下例子:
  Passive (被动)
  1.Regarding you email dated August 24, 2004, you anticipated that the shipment of raw materials would be effected from Japan late November or early December.
   2.Emphasis has, however, to be laid on the point that shipment must be made according to planned time.
   Active (主动)
   1.In your email of August 24, 2004, you anticipated that you would ship the raw materials from Japan late November or early December.
   2.However, we would like to remind you that you should ship the raw materials according to planned time.
  被动语态的例子表达显得拖沓冗长,语气生硬;主动语态的例子直接、一目了然,语气得体。虽说商务邮件应多使用主动语态,但并非千篇一律。在动作的执行者不明确或不重要的情况下,还是应该使用被动语态。如以下几例:“The company was founded in 1998.” “Do you know when the meeting will be held?” “The memo was sent yesterday.”
  有时生意人故意使用被动语态作为逃避责任或含糊其辞的一种方式。如:“The status of your account will be checked and confirmed.”此句中,谁来核对并确认账户,没有说明清楚。但若写成“I will check and confirm the status of your account.”很明显责任由你来承担。
  
  多使用短句
  (Use more short sentences)
  何为长句,何为短句,只能相对而言。最好的判断办法是将写好的英文句子大声朗读给另一英文熟练的人听,一旦听者听完句子的一半时还不知所云,则该句太长,需断开。如下例:
   Lengthy(冗长)
   I suggest that we change our service and supply fast food to give our customers what they seem to want so we can better compete with our main competitor.
   Shorter(简短)
   I suggest that we change our service and supply fast food to give our customers what they seem to want. That way, we can better compete with our main competitor.
  上例中,第一句显然太长,读起来吃力;第二句意思更为清晰,符合现代商务电子邮件风格。当然,强调商务电子邮件中应多用短句,并不是一味追求短小的简单句,这样会使句子结构过于单一、孩子气。譬如以下句1就不如句2更为流畅、自然。
   1. I went to the Conference Center on Wednesday. Soon I met the instructor. We had lunch. Then we started the class.
   2. After going to the Conference Center on Wednesday and meeting the instructor, We had lunch and started the class.
  
  使用现代商务英语
  (Use modern business language)
  一直以来,商务邮件中充满过于正式或陈旧的表达,如:“As per your re-quest”,“Pursuant to our conversation”等。这些表达早已过时,不符合现代商务电子邮件的原则。商务电子邮件旨在传达信息或说服对方,并非是去赢得对方对你的写作水平的赞叹。因此,在商务邮件写作中,应用现代的商务语言来取代过时或过于正式的表达。以下是一些过时与现代商务表达的对比:
   Old-fashioned(过时)
   1.We deem it advisable for you to wait.
   2.This is to acknowledge the receipt of your email dated July 8.
   Modern(现代)
   1.We suggest you wait.
   2.Thank you for your email of July 8.
  
  风格自然、口语化
  (Use a natural, conversational style)
  现代商务邮件写作文体不同于其它文体,它有着自身的特点:语言自然、流畅,如同面对面的口语交谈。这种写作的优势在于富有亲和力能使读者见信如见人,符合人性化商务发展趋势。
  然而,在日常的一些商务电子邮件中,经常可以看到这种句子:“In accordance with the guidelines mentioned in our discussion, I am forwarding the book.”,“We acknowledge with thanks the receipt of your letter dated 6 July.”在与客户交谈时,我们会这样说话吗?显然,这种表达过于正式,属于早已过时的商务套话。它不仅会使读者产生误解,甚至费解,还会疏远读者,显然不利于商务沟通。以上两例可改为:“As we discussed, I誱 sending you the book.”和“Thank you for your email of 6 July.”为了进一步说明,以下分别为不自然与自然表达的对比:
   Unnatural(不自然)
   1.Upon receipt of your payment, further attention will be given to your order.
2.Should you require further information, you could contact Mrs. Jane Lee.
   Natural(自然)
   1.When we receive your payment, we誰l begin to process your order.
   2.If you誨 like more information, please call Mrs. Jane Lee.
  当然,我们提倡在现代商务邮件写作中采用自然、口语化的风格,并不意味着可以使用俚语或习语。商务电子邮件者应像避开商务陈词滥调及商业行话那样来避免使用俚语、习语。俚语和习语只适用于某些非正式社交场合,但在大多数商务沟通中,尤其是书面沟通不宜使用。请看下列例句,前两句过于口语化,令人费解,不妥;后两句的表达意思清楚,符合现代商务电子邮件规律。
   Improper(不妥)
   1.Let誷 not drag this out.
   2.Keep your shirt on.
   Proper(恰当)
   1.Let誷 finish this as quickly as possible.
   2.Please be patient.
  
  缩短或删除寒暄及不切题的段落
  (Shorten or delete warming-up paragraphs)
  日常生活中,人们常常在进入正式谈话之前会寒暄一番,同样书面沟通的开端往往也会有充当同样角色的段落,以便读者更好的接受正文,此外,寒暄段落还用来提供背景知识,但一般不涉及正题,故属于非重要段落。
  商务邮件写作有着其特定的文体要求,即:避繁就简,开头就应切入正题,以唤起读者的兴趣与重视。若是一封商务电子邮件的开头拖沓冗长,迟迟不切入正题,那么它只会浪费商界人士宝贵的时间,而且很有可能在没被看完之前就被扔进垃圾箱。当然,也并不是说商务电子邮件应杜绝寒暄、问候之类的语句,只是没有必要用段落来充当该类角色。以下举例分析:
   Improper(不妥)
   I enjoyed meeting you and your staff last Monday. Jack was wonderful, and other people have also showed great enthusiasm for this marketing program. I know that Mark and his team can do this job. I also trust that this project will bring great benefits to your company.
   I have assembled and enclosed the documents which you requested as they concerns the project...
   Proper(恰当)
   I enjoyed meeting you and your staff last Monday. Here誷 the information you requested concerning the marketing project we discussed.
  以上为一封商务电子邮件的开头。上边一句的开头段拖沓冗长,皆属无关紧要的信息,应予以删减。其实,该信的主要目的是提供与市场营销项目相关的一些资料,故信的开头段就应阐明这一目的,至于寒暄,点到为止,具体内容参考第二句。
  
  开头表明写作目的
  (Identify the purpose of the writing in the beginning)
  前面刚提到商务邮件的首段应切入正题,以唤起读者的兴趣与重视,那么何谓正题?顾名思义,正题就是写作的目的,即:开门见山地阐明邮件的目的。一般来说,可用一句话或一个段落来表明写作目的。以下是常见商务电子邮件的开头,读者只要看完电子邮件的第一句话或第一段,便知道这封信的意图。
  1.Email of invitation: We are pleased to invite representatives of China National Textile Import and Export Corporation, Shanghai Branch, to visit the United States during May and June, 2004.
  2.Email of order: We would like to order the following goods, ...
  3.Email of recommendations: I am pleased to recommend Mr. Jack Lee, who has provided excellent training on business management for our staff over the past three weeks.
  4.Email of thanks: I am writing to thank you for the hospitality you extended on my recent visit to your country.
  5.Reply to an enquiry letter: Thank you for your enquiry of 21st June, in which you expressed an interest in our hand-made leather gloves.
  6.Letter of apology: First of all, we must apologize for having not given you any news about you present order.
  
  结尾避免画蛇添足
  (Cross out unnecessary closings)
  商务电子邮件者有时不知道如何结尾,常常重复前文讲过的内容,造成累赘感。商务电子邮件的结尾如同开头应受到同等的重视,结尾的成功与否可能影响整篇写作效果。在结束之前,想好要说的话,一次说清,无需再三重复。譬如,若你想与读者面谈,可用“I誨 like to get together with you to discuss this matter in more detail”、“I am looking forward to seeing you next Wednesday.”等之类的语句结束你的信,无需画蛇添足。
  实际商务沟通的电子邮件中,不乏一些多余或不恰当的语句。如“Thank you in advance.”就是其中之一,该句言下之意指的是作者已假设对方已经接受或同意信中所说的内容。作者常常在不确信自己的观点是否有充分的说服力时使用这类句子,认为不论对方是否接受,先表示总是对自己有利的。殊不知,这样的结尾常常起着相反的效果。
  “If you have any questions, please call us.”这句话在商务电子邮件中用得过多,反而不妥,因为它常常会掩盖商务电子邮件者的真正目的,从而给读者带来理解上的不便。最好是开诚布公,表明真正目的,以免对方产生误解。例如,你想要对方回寄一份签过的销售合同,以备存档,可用“Please send us a copy of the signed sales contract for our file.”来结束你的电子邮件,无需使用“If you have any questions, please call me.”
  总之,商务电子邮件尤其是电子邮件的结尾,应直截了当,切忌拐弯抹角。
  
  使用小段落
  (Use small paragraphs)
  商务电子邮件的原则之一是将一个商务主题分为几个小话题,每个小话题都用一个段落来阐述,保持每个段落短小精悍。使用小段落,便于读者阅读、把握所读材料的主要内容。相反,若将所有小话题用一大段来阐述,则会花费读者更多的时间来理解写作的内容,这不符合商界快节奏的规律。通过比较以下两封邮件,不难分出右边那封邮件更容易为读者所接受。
  希望这八条注意事项能对商务英语学习者有所启发。
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