英语常用词缀整理(适于初学者)
英语常用词缀整理表示否定的前缀：
un-unfair, unhappy
non- nonsmoker, nonviolent
in-inedible, inexact, invincible,
dis-disloyal, discontent
表示相反的前缀：
un- unbind, uncover
de- decrease, deduct
dis- discover, discourage
ir-irregular, irrelevant,
counter- counterattack, counteract
表示错误或失当的前缀：
mis- misjudge, misdirect, mistake
mal- maltreat, malpractice
pseudo- pseudo-classic, pseudo-scientific, pseudonym
表示向背的前缀：
pro- pro-Chinese, pro-American
anti- anti-war, anti-social
表示程度的前缀：
arch- archbishop, arch-fascist
super- supermarket, superluxury
ultra- ultra-leftist, ultraconservative,
over- overeat, overdressed, overflow, overdue, overdose
under- undercook, underfeed, underestimate
mini- mini-car, mini-skirt
semi-semiskilled, semi-steel
表示时间的前缀：
pre-pre-school, pre-war
fore- foretell, forewarn
post- post-war, postgraduate
表示方位的前缀：
sub- subway, submarine
inter- international, interdependent, intersection, interact, internet,
trans- transatlantic, transfer, translate, transform
英语中只有三个前缀，就是be-, en-/em-, a-, 并不改变词根的基本意义，而是引起词性的变化，如：
be-befriend, belittle, benumb, befool
en-enslave, enable, enlarge, encourage, endanger，envision, enrich, enlist,
em-embody, empower
a-asleep, ablaze
英语的后缀具有较强的语法作用，加在词根上构成派生词，并不改变词根的基本意义，而是改变了词性。
动词变名词：
-ationexploration, simplification, conversation, celebration, civilization, cooperation, decoration, expectation, location, navigation, suggestion, consideration, declaration, invitation,
-mentarrangement, movement, equipment, achievement, announcement, appointment, argument, improvement, commitment, statement,
-al refusal, proposal, memorial, approval, survival,
-ee trainee, employee
-er trainer, employer, worker, teacher
-age drainage, coverage, usage, encourage, package, voyage,
形容词变成名词：
-nesshappiness, meanness, awareness,
-ity diversity, acceptability
-ism nationalism, fanaticism, socialism,
-ist loyalist, racialist
名词、形容词变动词：
-ifybeautify, simplify
-izemodernize, hospitalize
-enquicken, widen, broaden, soften,
-ateaccelerate, celebrate, generate, originate, populate, alienate, communicate, coordinate, estimate,
名词变形容词：
-y hairy, sandy
-ishfoolish, Turkish
-esque picturesque, Dantesque
-some burdensome, troublesome
-ouspoisonous, humorous, generous, luxurious, continuous, mountainous, prosperous,
-tiveeffective, destructive, distinctive, executive, objective,
-alcommercial, continental, digital, economical, environmental, financial, functional, official, oriental, tidal, universal, ancestral, critical, educational, formal, historical, initial, individual, national, physical,
-able comparable, compatible, remarkable, suitable, available, enjoyable,
-fulhurtful, careful, cheerful, peaceful, powerful, successful,
-lesscareless,
但也有一些带后缀的派生词仅仅改变词义，而不改变词性，如gangster, boyhood, impressionism, kingdom, spoonful, Londoner, machinery, matting, booklet, idealism, friendship, drudgery
附：
PREFIXESMEANING EXAMPLES
a- lacking in amoral(immoral), apolitical, asocial
anti- against anti-body, anti-clockwise
arch- highest, worstarchbishop, arch-enemy
bi- two bicycle, biweekly, bilingual, bilateral
co- with, joint co-author, cooperate, coordinate,
counter- in opposition tocounter-attack, counteract
de- to reverse actiondecode, debug
di- two dilemma, disyllabic
dis- the opposite of,disbenefit, dislike,
to reverse actiondisconnect, dismount
ex- former ex-wife, ex-chairman
fore- before foretell, forecourt
hyper- extremely hypercritical, hyper-important
in- not insane, inexperienced
inter- between, amonginternational, interrelation
interrupt, intervene,
mal- badly maltreat, malnutrition
mini- little miniskirt, minibus
mis- wrongly, astray misspell, misleading
mono- one monolingual, monotone
multi- many multi-million, multi-racial
non- not non-smoker, non-musician
out- faster, longer outrun, outlive
over- too much overheat, overeat
poly- many polysyllabic
post- after post-war, post-graduate
pre- before pre-war, premarital
pro- on the side of pro-British, proconsul
pseudo- false pseudo-science, pseudo-classic
re- again, back rebuild, rebound, rebirth, retrace, reunite, review,
sub- lower/less than, beneath substandard, subhuman, submarine, subway
super- above, better superman, supermarket
trans- across transplant, transatlantic
ultra- extremely, beyond ultra-violet, ultra-modern
un- not, unfair, unexpected,
to reverse action untie, undress
under- too little underestimate, understate
uni- one unilateral, uniform, union
-ist receptionist, journalist, tourist, colonist, specialist,
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