tycoon 发表于 2007-10-20 22:55:00

英语否定转移

英语中有很多否定转移的现象,望大虾给与指点。

xiao4zhu 发表于 2007-10-20 23:46:18

1.在带宾语从句的复合句中,如果主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect, guess, fancy, feel, imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测”等心理活动的动词时,否定谓语从句的not往往转移到主句,成为“形式否定主句,意义否定从句”,这种语法现象就叫做否定转移。如:

I don’t think he will come this afternoon.
我认为他今天下午不会来。
I don’t believe I have the pleasure of knowing you.
很遗憾,我并不认识你。
I don’t guess that they have got married.
我猜他们还没有结婚。
I don’t expect they have finished the work..
我料想他们还没有完成工作。
I don’t suppose he will return to his hometown after a few years of study abroad.
我看他在国外学习几年后不会回家乡了。
I don’t feel you should go.
我觉得你不应该去。
I didn’t imagine that Tom would help her.
我猜想汤姆不会帮助她。

2.主句中的谓语动词若与情态动词或状语连用时,不转移否定。
I can’t believe that they are married.
我真不敢相信他们结婚了。
We can’t believe that he turns an honest penny.
我们不能相信他是用正当手段挣钱。
You mustn’t think he’s an honest person.
你不可以认为他是一个诚实的人。
I didn’t ever suppose that they were happy.
我并不认为他们是幸福的。
但是,在带有can’t和couldn’t的句子中,有时can’t和couldn’t带有否定转移的含义。如:
She can’t seem to do it. (=She seems not to be able to do it.)
她似乎不能做这件事。

3.当think用在疑问句中时,不转移否定。
Why do you think I can’t change your note?
你为什么认为我换不开你的钞票呢?

4.由knew, fear, mean, I am afraid等动词形式构成的宾语从句中,其否定词not,通常不进行否定转移。当然,这并不是说否定词not不能否定以上动词形式,而是说否定宾语从句和否定主句谓语动词的意思不同。试比较:
He knew you wouldn’t tell on him.
他知道你不会出卖他。
He didn’t know you should tell on him.
他没想到你竟会出卖他。
I mean you didn’t do it right.
我是说你做得不对。
I don’t mean you did it right.
我并不是说你做的对。
I am afraid that he won’t threaten me with death.
恐怕他不会以死来威胁我。
I am not afraid that he will threaten me with death.
我不怕他以死来威胁我。

5.动词hope不可进行否定转移。
I hope it won’t snow.
我希望天不下雨。
I hope she doesn’t dislike the flowers.
我希望他不会讨厌(会喜欢)这些花。

6.在下列几种情况下,think的宾语从句中的否定词通常不可前移到主句中:
1) 宾语从句中有固定短语,如can’t help, not at all, not only… but also… 等。
I think everybody can’t help laughing if they see it.
我认为,人们看到时会禁不住大笑。
I think she is not only beautiful but also kind.
我认为,她不仅漂亮,而且善良。
2) 宾语从句中not与just, enough, quite, much等副词连用。如:
I think you are not quite sure about it.
我认为,你们对这一点并不能完全肯定。
I think she’s not much like her mother.
我觉得,她不怎么像她的母亲。
3) 宾语从句中含有no, nothing, never, nobody等。如:
I think she has never been there.
我认为,她从未去过那里。
4) think本身有其他词修饰或与其他动词构成并列谓语。如:
I sometimes think he is not an honest man.
我有时认为她并不诚实。
I do think you shouldn’t hurt her.
我的确认为你不该伤害她。
I think and hope that I’m not disturbing you so much.
我认为,也希望,我不太打扰你。
5)think以过去时、完成时等出现,则不一定要求否定前移。如:
I was thinking that he wouldn’t succeed.
我在想他不会成功。
I thought you didn’t marry her.
我原以为你不会与她结婚。
I had thought he wouldn’t come.
我愿意为他不会来呢。
但是,在现代英语中,为了使语气柔和,过去时态的句子中偶尔也可见到这种否定转移。如:
I don’t think this man would want to hurt me.
我想,这个人不会伤害我。
6)think的主语不是I或we,而是其它人称。如:
They think she will not come.
他们认为她不会来。

7.在现代英语中,下面两句都可以说:
I don’t think he will succeed.
I think he won’t succeed.
我认为他不会成功。
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