我的英语欠地道--Cambridge Grammar of English 笔记
曾经醉心于好莱坞大片,努力模仿大鹦鹉说话的声音,可却从没,静下心来完完整整看一本语法书(初、高中时候倒是把《英语语法表解手册》奉为宝典,几乎每天都翻这本薄薄的“表姐“,可是这些太有限了。)也许是看多了小布什的错误,比如他把“孩子们”说成“孩子们们”(childrens),突然觉得美式英语的形象被小布什彻底ruin了。
还是规规矩矩地回来读本语法书吧,Cambridge Grammar of English,每读一页,就发现,自己的英文真是烂啊
所以决定把自己认为好的句子摘录出来放在这里,大家不要笑话我水平差哦。
注:这是英式英语的语法书。
Cambridge grammar of English : a comprehensive guide : spoken and written English grammar and usage / Ronald Carter, Michael McCarthy.
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2006.
http://ec1.images-amazon.com/images/I/511dNlm9AJL._SS500_.jpg
The main approach taken in this book is descriptive. The emphasis throughout the book is on describing the ways in which speakers and writers of English use the language to communicate with one another, as evidenced in large numbers of spoken and written texts from all over the British English community.
1.I gave my sister a sweater for her birthday and she bought me a CD for mine.
加粗的部分说出来很地道。
2. 两个我在口语中会犯的错误。
a. Do not end a sentence with a preposition.
(e.g. Do not say This is something you should not be involved in;
say This is something in which you should not be involved)
b. Do not split an infinitive.
(e.g. Do not say I expect to shortly welcome him here;
say I expect to welcome him here shortly)
b类问题还不经常犯,a类我一着急,说出来的可都是这类四分五裂的错误讲法。
no one, nobody, whom 在口语和书面语中的使用频率
“bought me a CD for mine”,这个“for mine”感觉很累赘。 呵呵,其实英语地道的很少,必须还是要在英美国家生活过。老外听中国人说英语,多少也知道我们的表达方式,都是chinglish的。基本上不影响沟通就行。 引用第2楼hpudqx于2007-10-03 13:12发表的 :
“bought me a CD for mine”,这个“for mine”感觉很累赘。
我开始也是这么认为的,后来又想了一下,应该是表达她给我买了一张cd“作为给我礼物”这一层意思。
如:She got herself invited to the official opening.
(she is seen as partly instrumental in being invited)
就比 She was invited to the official opening.多了一层意思。
引用第3楼hw8210于2007-10-03 13:18发表的 :
呵呵,其实英语地道的很少,必须还是要在英美国家生活过。老外听中国人说英语,多少也知道我们的表达方式,都是chinglish的。基本上不影响沟通就行。
谢谢hw兄让我不那么自卑,嘿嘿。
接着写笔记:
From word to grammar: an A–Z
ABOUT
一些常见搭配:
用在名词后
anxiety enquiry question
argument feeling reservation
assertion fuss scepticism
assumption idea speculation
complaint information statement
concern joke story
debate misgiving talk
discussion news uncertainty
doubt point worry
qualm
用在动词后
About after verbs:
agonise forget minisce
ask fret speak
bother hear speculate
care know talk
chat learn think
complain moan wonder
enquire quibble worry
feel read write
用在形容词后
About after adjectives:
apprehensive fussy snobbish
blasé happy sorry
cautious knowledgeablesure
concerned nervous unhappy
coy optimistic upset
enthusiastic pessimistic uptight
excited sceptical worried
About不能与discuss连用,但是可以和discussion连用
About is not used with the verb discuss:
We wanted to discuss the arrangements for Chinese New Year.
(We wanted to discuss about the arrangements for Chinese New Year.)
I wanted to discuss ways of improving the essay.
Note, however, that about is used with the noun discussion:
Discussions about the situation took place yesterday.
About is used after complain:
They didn’t know what to do when people came to complain about the goods they had bought.
值得一读的主题。有时口语化的东西上了书面还真不习惯。
ABOVE
Above is preferred when things are at an upper level:
They lived in a small bungalow above the village.
(They lived in a small bungalow over the village.)
Above 只用在“未接触”这个意义上的“上方”
Above can only be used when there is no contact between the people or things referred to. Over or on top of have a more general meaning and can be used whether or not one person or thing touches or covers another:
He put a light plastic raincoat over his jacket. (or: on top of his jacket)
(He put a light plastic raincoat above his jacket.)
好句子:
Nairobi is about 2000 metres above sea level.
Their performance was distinctly above average.
I’m afraid that type of mathematics is all rather above me.
Above 通常不与数词连用,多用over.
Above is not normally used with numbers. Over is normally preferred:
You can only buy alcoholic drinks here if you are over 18.
(You can only buy alcoholic drinks here if you are above 18.)
It’ll cost over a thousand pounds to repair.
奇怪啊....
看到的是这个....
问下车车 ,什么是受词? 引用第7楼hufucopy于2007-10-03 17:14发表的 :
奇怪啊....
看到的是这个....
问下车车 ,什么是受词?
http://www.grammarfree.com.cn/tw/grdescr.asp?GR_ID=273
受詞
2. 两个我在口语中会犯的错误。
a. Do not end a sentence with a preposition.
(e.g. Do not say This is something you should not be involved in;
say This is something in which you should not be involved)
b. Do not split an infinitive.
(e.g. Do not say I expect to shortly welcome him here;
say I expect to welcome him here shortly)
关于这两条,俺比较怀疑,记得有一个丘吉尔的例子,贴在这供参考:
对于某些句子结构来说,如果硬要遵守“规定”把句尾介词前移,反而会造成病句。关于“句子不可以介词结尾”的不足为训,有不少故事。有一次,英国首相丘吉尔拟了一篇重要的发言稿交给秘书打字,打好之后,丘吉尔发现秘书把发言稿中凡是以介词结尾的句子都按规定语法所说的给改了。于是他把这些改过的地方一一用红笔划出,并批示道:This is the sort of English up with which I will not put。这里,丘吉尔故意把… which I will not put up with 写成…up with which I will not put,以表示他对这种英语的无法容忍。
引用第9楼白马西北驰于2007-10-03 17:26发表的 :
关于这两条,俺比较怀疑,记得有一个丘吉尔的例子,贴在这供参考:
我起初和白马兄的意见相同,上学的时候老师也是这样教的。不过,语言不断发展、演变,我之所以选用这本书,是因为它说:
The main approach taken in this book is descriptive. The emphasis throughout the book is on describing the ways in which speakers and writers of English use the language to communicate with one another, as evidenced in large numbers of spoken and written texts from all over the British English community.
另外,这本书也比较新。
Cambridge grammar of English : a comprehensive guide : spoken and written English grammar and usage / Ronald Carter, Michael McCarthy.
Cambridge ; New York : Cambridge University Press, 2006. The main approach taken in this book is descriptive.
也就是说另一方面它也是normative的,"Do not say"和"say"所表明的,也就是所谓的bon usage了。
而说到这个,其实更主要是针对native speaker的问题,这书并不是把ESL读者当成主要对象的。而再往前推一步——很容易过分的——也就是说不管是do not say还是say,都是某种程度上“地道”的英语(包括childrens,似乎在社会语言学的文章里见过的,也或许总统先生想对某个特殊群体示好,再或许跟民众接触多了不会说高级话了),呵呵,所谓Chinglish应该还是另一个层面的问题。
另外,关于丘吉尔的这句话,白马兄引东西说了那么说是错的,那么对的该怎么说?是up with连起来当一个介词用从而都不前移还是先put up再with所以with要前移?
hoho,大家学英语啦~~ 车车找的书很新么。
回答parivraj学士:
关于put up wiith 在从句中的用法,在Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English的Examples bank中找了一个例句[这些例子都是从书刊、报纸上引的,不是造句]:
The fact that they were none of these things was something she had to put up with.
地道不地道的问题,俺最没把握,见识太少,没办法,只好查字典。
请车车老师继续讲课。 引用第12楼白马西北驰于2007-10-03 19:09发表的 :
请车车老师继续讲课。
.......
这话吓死我了。我是最近要好好纠正我的英语,才写这个笔记的。
还请诸位老师多多拍砖,这样我能反复思考为什么犯这类错误,然后记住正确的。
parivraj兄说的是,我当初喜欢这本书,是因为它是 descriptive,而不是prescriptive的。就像语言学一样,lakeoff(女)在课上讲语言学是什么不是什么,就讲到,语言学是descriptive的,不是prescriptive的。也就是说,语言学是描写语言,而不是规定人们应该怎样说话的。
白马老师,这本书中所言的这样说,不那样说,都是按照当前人们的言语行为。也就是说,这本书就是教人们学现在的话,类似于我们普及园地语言什么是“灌水”、“。。。。的说”、“苦闷”,“读秀”、“有a” 小布的childrens可能是受了chickens的影响呢。
俺也怀疑这本书是否适合ESL learner。从娄瑟丽策列出来的内容看,这书一点也不有趣。最近从CX上弄了本《现代英语句法问题集(原载荷兰〈英语研究〉)》,虽然是上世纪50年代的产物,看着生动活泼多了,吐血推荐!请看:
接前贴…………
又如no one和nobody,知道各自在口语和书面语中的使用频率对怎么区别使用这两个词帮助不大。
Everyone gave way to him, and he despised everybody. 前用Everyone,后用everybody,很有趣是不是?欲知详情,请看《句法问题集》第51条。 谢谢bibliomaniac兄 的推荐,不过从我个人角度和目的出发,我还是继续啃这本2006年的Cambridge Grammar of English 。
我想学习本世纪至今英国人讲的语言。主要是以应用为目的,而不是研究。
说说外行话:新概念英语已经换了新版,标准日本语的教材也更新了(暂把出版社想捞银子的因素排除在外),如果学一种语言是为了更地道的进行交流,还是选一本比较权威的新书能够收到事半功倍的效果。想学中国话的老外,如果看的都是七八十年代的教科书,也许张口就叫”同志“,没准也会对“我有来过园地”这类的句子觉得费解了。
很感激bibliomaniac兄介绍了这本好书,一定拜读。怪我没有说清楚写这个笔记的目的,不过收获了兄一本好书,我要躲在一旁偷偷笑呢 《现代英语句法问题集》已上传到mofile,欢迎同好下载共赏!谢谢louselice^_^10个大洋!
您上传的文件:
大小 文件名
14.5M 现代英语句法问题集 原载荷兰《英语研究》.pdf
匿名提取文件连接 http://pickup.mofile.com/2719406596281236
或登录Mofile,使用提取码 2719406596281236 提取文件 这本才是正宗!
The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language
剑桥大学出版社出了很多类似书,唉……
页:
[1]
2