chailang 发表于 2007-6-20 08:50:20

Preliminary Analysis on the reform of Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform
Zhang Jiangfei
Abstract: The reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system, and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent. According to the reform, the rights of using forest land and ownership of forest were clarified. It also broadens the management right, fulfills disposition right and ensures usufruct. Meanwhile, the forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers was increased and the social benefits were improved (, too).
Key words: collectively owned forest, forest ownership right, the reform, effect

修改说明:1)红色部分我自己加的或者删除的
      2)感觉最大的问题就是后半部分的句型结构比较松散,因此我主要增加了一些承前启后的词汇
      3)()中的too 删除
      4)不当之处请指教。

dengyj 发表于 2007-6-20 14:33:43

集体林权改革的初步分析
                  张江非
摘要:辽宁省的集体拥有的林业产权改革集中在家庭责任体系上,并允许几种所有权同时共存。通过改革,林地使用权和林产所有权变得清晰。改革放宽了管理权,实现了处置权,并确保收益权。同时提升了林业的发展,提高了林农工人的收入并改善了社会福利。
关键词:集体所有林业,林产所有权,改革,效果

nksgyszld 发表于 2007-6-21 22:30:32

浅析集体林产权制度改革
    张江飞
摘要:辽宁省集体林业产权改革主要实行以家庭承包责任制为主,又允许多种产权形式并存的方式。林地使用权和所有权政策在执行中得到了贯彻落实。通过改革放宽了管理权,完善了处置权,保证了收益权;通过改革在促进了森林资源合理开发,增加了林农的收入但同时,也增加了社会效益。

关键词:集体林,森林所有权,改革,效果

zhanghe0802 发表于 2007-6-22 15:33:40

我也来试着翻译下
关于集体所有林所有权改革的初步分析
张将飞
摘要:辽宁省集体所有林所有权改革以家庭责任制为主,并且允许多种所有权形式并存。通过改革,明确了林地使用权、所有权。同时也扩大了管理权,完善了处置权,确保了用益权,而且促进了森林的开发,增加了林农的收入,同时也提高了社会收益

关键词:集体所有林 林地所有权 改革 效率

我觉得该文摘要的写作有点中国英语的味道,也就是说,英语有点从汉语直译过去的感觉,没有英文的味道,而且其中句子连接不是很好,存在语法错误。

Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system, and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent. 这种话存在focuse用在这里不太恰当,而且语法错误,18楼已经给出详细说明,不再赘述。
我认为be primarily based on 效果好些。
The rights of using forest land and ownership of forest were clarified through reform。我认为through reform 放在句首更为合适。或者将through改为by。
To broaden the management right, fulfill disposition right, ensure usufruct through the reform, too.在这里这句话正如18楼所述,前后连接很不好。这样改是不是好一些,Meantime, the reform also broaden the management right, fulfill the disposition right, ensure the usufruct .
最后一句我觉得问题不大,promote 用的没有什么问题吧,和18楼看法不一样,没有认为升官的感觉,同个词在不同语境中含义是不同的,我们学习词汇,一方面是掌握新的词汇,另一个很重要的方面的是旧词新意的掌握,而且很多动词和不同的介词搭配时含义是不同的,这些都需要我们的日积月累,以此克服我们在阅读中遇到的困难。

在这里提出自己的拙见,希望大家能够批评指正,大家一起好好的学英语,提高我们的英语水平。

swens123 发表于 2007-6-23 17:44:21

集体拥有森林所有权改革的分析
张江飞
摘要:辽宁省集体拥有森林所有权改革是以家庭职责承包体系为基础, 而且允许共同拥有使用权。 通过改革使林地使用权和森林的所有权得到区分。通过改革林地的管理权变宽了,实现性情管理, 也确定了用益权。 而且促进了林业的发展,林农的收入增加了,而且也取得了很好的社会效益。
1\\\Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system,中的focused on改为was based on
2\\\To broaden the management right, fulfill disposition right, ensure usufruct through the reform, too. And the forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers was increased and the society’s benefit was improved, too.
改为The reform broadened the management right, fulfilled disposition right, ensured usufruct .And it also promoted the forestry’s development, increased the income of forest farmers, improved the society’s benefit.

hzieegm 发表于 2007-6-25 12:49:26

关于集体所有林业产权改革问题的简略分析
摘要:在集体所有林业的改革问题上,除了允许多种所有制共存的情况下,辽宁政府还着力推进林业的家庭所有制系统。通过改革,森林的使用权和所有权有了明确的归属,这样有效的加强管理能力,完善权利分配,保证了改革后权利的有效实施。同时也促进了林业的发展,与此同时增加了森林农民的收入,社会福利也有很大提高。
关键词:集体所有林业,林业所有权,改革,效果

whynot 发表于 2007-6-25 16:32:08

Preliminary Analysis on Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform
集体林所有权改革的初步探析
Zhang Jiangfei
张江飞


摘要: Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system(本句的focused应该为被动时态,reform is focused on family responsiblitily system.改革的焦点位于家庭责任体系上。或者改为主动语态,Family responsibility system is the focus of reform in collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province. ), and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent(and it should allow several ownerships to be co-existent 而且这种改革应当是允许数种所有权并存的).
The rights (为什么用复数呢?right 是否可行?)of using forest land and the ownership of forest were clarified through( 加个‘the’ reform 或者改为 reforming).
To broaden the management right, fulfill disposition right, ensure usufruct through the reform, too(这不是一句完整的话呀,增加主语The reform is in order to expand the management right ,fulfill the disposition right, and ensure the usufruct.)
And the forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers was increased and the society’s benefit was improved, too(仍然是句子不完整。)

整体感觉,这类摘要应当尽量以主动语态完成,尽量使用一般现在时的时态。这是我的个人想法,欢迎指正。

Michel2kme 发表于 2007-6-26 00:19:16

看了一下上面网友的译文和讨论获益菲浅,这里主要指出一个比较重要的问题,那就是具有咱们中国特色的经济制度--家庭联产承包责任制,这在农村地区很普遍,其英文标准用语是:the household contract responsibility system。又如:家庭承包经营 the household contract management ;family responsibility 是“家庭责任或事务”,在西方国家,如,加拿大的省府都设有“Family Responsibility Office”即 the FRO,意思是:家庭事务办公室;专门处理有关家庭的纠纷和矛盾、投诉的日常事务的。建议对“家庭责任制”的表达做如上更改,比较明确一点。

艺人他 发表于 2007-6-28 13:37:56

初步分析,村级集体林业产权制度改革
张江飞
摘要: 改革集体所有制森林所有权辽宁省注重家庭责任制 并允许几个所有制可以并存. 使用权的林地所有权和林地澄清通过改革. 扩大经营权,落实处置权,使用权,确保通过改革,太. 和林业的发展,促进了收入的森林农民增加和社会的好处是提高10倍以上.
关键词:集体所有的森林,森林的所有权,改革效果

再翻译:
Collective forest tenure reform
Liaoning Province of collective property rights owned by the forestry reform concentrated in the family responsibility system, Several ownership and allow coexist. Reform has the right to use land and the Forest ownership is more clear. Relaxed management reform, the implementation of the right of disposal and ensure the right to return. Upgrading the forestry development and increasing the income of forest workers, and improve the social welfare.
Key words : collective ownership of forestry, forestry ownership reform, results

somuch 发表于 2007-6-30 08:10:24

论文摘要的英译

  英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样,包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。但是,英文有其自身特点,最主要的是中译英时往往造成所占篇幅较长,同样内容的一段文字,若用英文来描述,其占用的版面可能比中文多一倍。因此,撰写英文摘要更应注意简洁明了,力争用最短的篇幅提供最主要的信息。第一,对所掌握的资料进行精心筛选,不属于上述"四部分"的内容不必写入摘要。第二,对属于"四部分"的内容,也应适当取舍,做到简明扼要,不能包罗万象。比如"目的",在多数标题中就已初步阐明,若无更深一层的目的,摘要完全不必重复叙述;再如"方法",有些在国外可能早已成为常规的方法,在撰写英文摘要时就可仅写出方法名称,而不必一一描述其操作步骤。

  中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性,目前对这个问题的认识存在两个误区,一是认为两个摘要的内容"差不多就行",因此在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容,或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容,这样很容易造成文摘重心转移,甚至偏离主题;二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译,对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏,这往往使英文摘要用词累赘、重复,显得拖沓、冗长。英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容,不能随意增删,但这并不意味着一个字也不能改动,具体撰写方式应遵循英文语法修辞规则,符合英文专业术语规范,并照顾到英文的表达习惯。

  选择适当的时态和语态,是使摘要符合英文语法修辞规则的前提。通常情况下,摘要中谓语动词的时态和语态都不是通篇一律的,而应根据具体内容而有所变化,否则容易造成理解上的混乱。但这种变化又并非无章可循,其中存在着如下一些规律:

  1、时态:大体可概括为以下几点。

  1)叙述研究过程,多采用一般过去时。
  2)在采用一般过去时叙述研究过程当中提及在此过程之前发生的事,宜采用过去完成时。
  3)说明某课题现已取得的成果,宜采用现在完成时。
  4)摘要开头表示本文所"报告"或"描述"的内容,以及摘要结尾表示作者所"认为"的观点和"建议"的做法时,可采用一般现在时。

  2、语态:

    在多数情况下可采用被动语态。但在某些情况下,特别是表达作者或有关专家的观点时,又常用主动语态,其优点是鲜明有力。

  掌握一定的遣词造句技巧的目的是便于简单、准确的表达作者的观点,减少读者的误解。

  1、 用词力求简单,在表达同样意思时,尽量用短词代替长词,以常用词代替生僻词。但是当描述方法、步骤时,应该用狭义词代替广义词。例如,英文中有不少动词,do,run,get,take等,虽简单常用,但其意义少则十几个,多则几十个,用这类词来描述研究过程,读者难免产生误解,甚至会不知所云,这就要求根据具体情况,选择意义相对明确的词,诸如perform,achieve等,以便于读者理解。
  
    2、 造句

  1)熟悉英文摘要的常用句型:尽管英文的句型种类繁多,丰富多彩,但摘要的常用句型却很有限,而且形成了一定的规律,大体可归纳为
   (1)表示研究目的,常用在摘要之首In order to……This paper descri
bes……The purpose of this study is……
   (2)表示研究的对象与方法The of certain was
   (3)表示研究的结果: that……    
   (4)表示结论、观点或建议:The authors that…
  2)尽量采用-ing 分词和-ed 分词作定语,少用关系代词 which , who 等引导的定语从句。由于摘要的时态多采用一般过去时,使用关系代词引导的定语从句不但会使句式变的复杂,而且容易造成时态混乱(因为定语和它所修饰的主语、宾语之间有时存在一定的"时间差",而过去完成时、过去将来时等往往难以准确判定)。采用-ing 分词和-ed 分词作定语,在简化语句的同时,还可以减少时态判定的失误。

  以上所述只是撰写英文摘要时应注意的问题中的一小部分,尚有许多问题,需要进一步探讨。总之,英文摘要作为医学论文的重要组成部分,其修改和完善是永无止境的。

johnhonc 发表于 2007-6-30 13:34:20

初探集体所有的林业产权制度改革
摘要:辽宁省集体所有的林业产权制度改革主要采取了家庭承包的模式,其允许多种所

有制模式共存。通过改革,林业土地的所有权和使用权得以划分。改革同时也拓宽了管

理权,实现了部署职责,明确了受益权。与此同时,林业发展迅速提高,农户收入迅速增加,社会财富也迅速积累。
关键词:集体所有的林业,林业产权,改革,效果

zjiacai 发表于 2007-7-1 20:29:22

一点看法

Preliminary Analysis on Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform
Zhang Jiangfei
Abstract: Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system, and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent. The rights of using forest land and ownership of forest were clarified through reform. To broaden the management right, fulfill disposition right, ensure usufruct through the reform, too. And the forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers was increased and the society’s benefit was improved, too.
Key words: collectively owned forest, forest ownership right, reform, effect

ownerships→似乎作为所有权意是不可数名词。

这句与上下文不符。

分隔符应改成',而不是’。

最后几个too似乎与and重复,而且too可以用as well等词组代替。

litstbl 发表于 2007-7-2 01:48:41

Re:有奖讨论  大家来看看这篇稿子

一点看法: family responsibility system 改成 household contract responsibility ,家庭联产承包制

翻译:

浅谈集体林权制度改革
张江飞
辽宁省推行的集体林权制度改革的重点,是建立以家庭承包经营为基础、多种经营形式并存的集体林业经营体制。通过改革,明晰了林地使用权和林木所有权,放活了经营权,落实了处置权,保障了收益权。此外,有效释放了森林资源的潜力,增加了农民的收入,并且促进了农村经济社会发展。
关键词:集体林业,林业所有权,改革,成效

wlztm 发表于 2007-7-2 16:14:16

参考前面各位的翻译,我也试翻译一下,《森林法》规定林权有4种:林地所有权、林地使用权、林木所有权、林木使用权,同时我把专业术语按照林业行业术语进行了翻译。

Preliminary Analysis on Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform
Zhang Jiangfei
Abstract: Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system, and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent. The rights of using forest land and ownership of forest were clarified through reform. To broaden the management right, fulfill disposition right, ensure usufruct through the reform, too. And the forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers was increased and the society’s benefit was improved, too.
Key words: collectively owned forest, forest ownership right, reform, effect

浅谈集体林权制度改革

张江非

摘要:辽宁省集体林权制度改革的目的在于实行家庭联产承包责任制,允许几种经营方式并存。通过改革,使得林地使用权和林木所有权更清晰。改革拓宽了经营管理权,完善了处置权并确保收益权。改革同时推动了林业的发展,增加了林农的收入,并提高了社会效益。

关键词:集体林,林权,改革,效果

jsphsz 发表于 2007-7-5 15:07:27

集体制林业所有权改革初析
张江飞
摘要:辽宁省集体制林业所有权改革的重心在于家庭责任制,允许多种所有制并存。通过改革,林地使用权和林业所有权的关系得到了明晰。改革扩大了管理权,实行了处置权,也确保了收益。伴随林业发展的推动,林业人员的工资上涨,社会福利也进一步提升。
关键词:集体制林业 林业所有权 改革 效果
Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province focused on family responsibility system, and allowed several ownerships to be co-existent.
后一分句主语不明,我认为在and后加it为好!

ygw319 发表于 2007-7-6 13:51:40

引用第12楼macauor于2007-06-16 21:43发表的 :
Preliminary Analysis on Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform

Zhang Jiangfei

Abstract:
.......

Preliminary Analysis on Collectively Owned Forest Ownership Reform
对集体所有林业所有权改革问题的初步分析
Zhang Jiangfei
张江飞
Abstract:
摘要
Reform of collectively owned forest ownership in Liaoning Province is devoted to family responsibilty system, by allowing

that several patterns of owerships coexist.
辽宁省的集体所有林业的所有权改革,是在允许几种经营方式并存的情况下致力于实现家庭联产承包责任制。
Through the reform, the rights between using forest land and owning forest are further clarified.
通过改革,林地使用权和林木所有权变得更为清晰,
Furthermore, the reform leads to broaden the management right, to fulfill disposition right and to ensure usufruct.
并且进一步拓宽了经营管理权,完善了处置权并确保收益权。
After these measures, not only the development of the forestry is promoted, but also the income of forest farmers is

increased.
改革同时促进了林业的发展,增加里林区居民的收入。
Finally, the benefits of the society are correspondingly improved.
最终,改革也进一步提高了社会效益。

燕flying 发表于 2007-7-6 21:12:47

参考文献:Ensuring a future for collective forestry in China's southwest: Adding human and social capital to policy reforms
Forest Policy and Economics, Volume 8, Issue 4, June 2006, Pages 375-385
Horst Weyerhaeuser, Fredrich Kahrl and Su Yufang

英文修改:
Preliminary Analysis on the Reform of Collectively-Owned Forest Ownership
Zhang Jiangfei

Abstract: The reform of the Collectively-Owned Forest Ownership in Liaoning Province, is focused on family responsibility system,as well as allowed multi-kinds of ownership to be co-exist. The rights of using forest land and the ownership of forests were seperated after reform. The aim of the reform is to broaden the management right, fulfill the disposition right, and ensure the usufruct .The forestry’s development was promoted, the income of forest farmers increase,and the social benefits were also improved.

Key words: Collectively-Owned Forest, forest ownership, reform, effect

中文翻译:
集体林所有权改革初探
张江飞

摘要:辽宁省集体林所有权改革以家庭责任制为核心内容,允许多种所有权形式并存。通过改革林地使用权、所有权分开。改革旨在扩大管理权,完善处置权及确保用益权。森林得到开发,林农收入得以增加,同时也提高了社会效益。

关键词:集体林,森林所有权,改革,效应
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