我的论文摘要，请高手指正
AbstractNowadays China is faced with an unprecedented biggest population and the more and more grave threat of the deficiency in natural resource. So the problem of the land carrying capacity is concerned by increasing people in our country. The dissertation probes the research method of the land-population carrying capacity in the irrigating farming zone of the typical arid region in the light of the local specific conditions. It begins with the utilization of the land, using the knowledge of population economics, land economics, resource economics, environment economics, mathematical statistics and forecasting & decision theory to predict the land demand scientifically, reasonably and systematically. The article makes a quantitative analysis under the qualitative analysis. After calculating the potential productivity of the crops in the oasis, it forecasts not only the future population, but also the land demand and the land-population carrying capacity. Meanwhile it analyses the balance relationship between the land demand and the quantity of various land at present. Hence, it draws a conclusion that the land carrying capacity in Xinjiang will have a small favorable balance in 5 to 45 years. In the end, the writer gives some suggestions which can help to raise the potential productivity and enhance the land-population carrying capacity and the way to protect the ecological environment.
The whole research is divided into three parts.
The first part includes the chapter 2 and 3. In the chapter 2, it introduces a series of basic relative theories and methods about the land carrying capacity. Starting from the basic conception of the land, it goes deep into the connotation and features about the land carrying capacity after presenting the land sustainable utilization theory. It also gives out the researching development of this topic. Therefore, the above makes a theoretical preparation for the coming study. The chapter 3 focuses on the research methods. The paper systematically explains quite a lot of models which keeps the land productivity as the central content. The application of the systemic dynamics and the comprehensive forecast model are also stated in this part. All these work gets ready for the empirical study afterwards.
The second part is chapter 4. Firstly, it mainly explains the present situation of the land carrying capacity in Xinjiang, especially shows the land feature, the utilization and the developing trend. Because of the especially important relationship between the water resource and land, in this part, the thesis on purpose expresses the current conditions and characteristics of the water resource.
Then, it concretely calculates and analyses the land carrying capacity. Since the population is one of the cores of this problem, the treatise uses a few of methods to forecast the immediate-term, medium and long-term population, and ascertains a scale of population in Xinjiang according to the different accuracy of these methods. Then it predicts the unit production and total output of the main crops in Xinjiang with the sectional comprehensive model combined with the inclination’s extrapolation. After calculating the crops’ potential productivity based on the sunlight, the temperature and the climate, the article forecasts the land demand of the main crops and the construction in Xinjiang. The analysis about the future land carrying capacity is made from the above calculation. It needs to pay attention that the paper also makes a prediction about the expense of the water resource to assure the land and water to make a good match.
The third part is chapter 5. It analyses the existing problem and gives some advice. Firstly, the writer points out the beneficial factors to enhance the land carrying capacity, which includes a big quantity of potential land for exploring, the abundant gross amount of water resource and plentiful sunlight and heat resource. The adverse factors are the harsh natural condition, the uneven distribution on the time and space about the water resource, the backward water conservancy facilities and low efficiency of the water utilization as well as the land, the shortage of capital and technology, and the fast growing population. On the basis of the above factors, the paper gives some advice and measures in the end to enhance the land carrying capacity. We should firstly fasten the economic development to contribute a firmly economic base for the land using; secondly heighten the efficiency of the water utilization; thirdly improve the agricultural technology; fourthly make an intensive operation to the land and fifthly control the population under a reasonable level. 好长啊,欢迎楼主常来. 楼主不要坐不住，本Thinking Machine无意冒犯您。这篇论文摘要大体上是硕士生论文中的“典型”，借楼主大度，本人愿意多花一点时间，作一点评述，不妥之处，欢迎斧正。冒犯之处，敬请海涵。
以下评述基于一个假定：这是硕士论文的英文摘要
Abstract
Nowadays China is faced with an unprecedented biggest population and the more and more grave threat of the deficiency in natural resource.
China is facing an unprecedented huge size of population and increasing challeges of the scarcity of natural resources.
注释：
face 可以是及物动词。biggiest population 是日常表达，且后面没有限定范围，该为专业词汇 huge size of population，暗示人口结构不在本文讨论范围。 threat是负面思维，学术论文应客观，用challenges替代。deficiency 是相对正常而言的，正确的术语应是经济学中的scarcity，和后文的各种经济学模型对应。natural resource应为复数。用现在进行时，Nowadays 已经成累赘，故略去。
So the problem of the land carrying capacity is concerned by increasing people in our country.
Therefore, the issue of land carrying capacity, the core of natural resources scarcity, is catching more and more academic attentions.
注释：
So是口语，以Therefore替代。中文无法区分issue和problem的细微区别，在这里可以表述为议题和难题。中间所加的同位语，您可以替代，但一定不可省略，其作用是交代土地承载力和自然资源稀缺之间的概念关系，否则，therefore就不成立。最后，还是需要区分世俗和学院之间的差别。人人都关心，不一定入学院的法眼。
The dissertation probes the research method of the land-population carrying capacity in the irrigating farming zone of the typical arid region in the light of the local specific conditions. It begins with the utilization of the land, using the knowledge of population economics, land economics, resource economics, environment economics, mathematical statistics and forecasting & decision theory to predict the land demand scientifically, reasonably and systematically. The article makes a quantitative analysis under the qualitative analysis.
It is one of the hot topics in population economics, land economics, resource economics, and environment economics. It is seldom, howerver, discussed in relation to population size of the irrigating farming zone in typical arid regions with special local conditions. The relationship between land carrying capacity and population size, the focus of the thesis, is analyzed by statistical models and forecasting & decision theory. Moreover, models of land demand is specified and estimated too.
注释：交代问题的学术背景，自己的研究方向和方法，是这一段的要点。我的理解不一定对。重点是，按照英文的语序讲述，而不是生硬翻译自己的中文摘要。
没有时间了，下次继续吧…… 共同学习学习，发表一下个人看法。不当之处请大家多多指教！
Abstract
Nowadays China is facing with an unprecedented large population and more and more serious threat of natural resource deficiency. So the issue of the land carrying capacity is concerned by increasing people in our country. The dissertation probes the research method of the land-population carrying capacity in the irrigating farming zone of the typical arid region according to the local specific conditions. Beginning with the utilization of the land, this paper uses the knowledge of population economics, land economics, resource economics, environment economics, mathematical statistics and forecasting & decision theory to predict the land demand scientifically, reasonably and systematically. The article makes a quantitative analysis based on the qualitative analysis. After calculating the potential productivity of the crops in the oasis, it forecasts not only the future population, but also the land demand and the land-population carrying capacity. Meanwhile it analyses the balance relationship between the land demand and the quantity of various land at present. Hence, it draws a conclusion that the land carrying capacity in Xinjiang will have a small favorable balance in 5 to 45 years. In the end, the writer gives some suggestions which can help to raise the potential productivity and enhance the land-population carrying capacity and provides some ways to protect the ecological environment.
The whole research includes three parts.
The first part includes chapter 2 and chapter 3. Chapter 2 introduces a series of basic relative theories and methods about the land carrying capacity. Starting from the basic conception of the land, it goes deep into the connotation and features about the land carrying capacity after presenting the land sustainable utilization theory. It also outlines the researching development of this topic. Therefore, the above makes a theoretical preparation for the coming study. Chapter 3 focuses on the research methods. This paper systematically explains quite a lot of models which centres on land productivity. The application of the systemic dynamics and the comprehensive forecasting model are also stated in this part. All these work has prepared for the following empirical study.
The second part, chapter 4, firstly explains the present situation of the land carrying capacity in Xinjiang, especially shows the land feature, the utilization and the developing trend. Because of the important relationship between the water resource and land , the thesis expresses the current conditions and characteristics of the water resource on purpose.
Then, it calculates and analyses the land carrying capacity concretely. Since the population is one of the cores of this problem, the treatise uses a few of methods to forecast the immediate-term, medium and long-term population, and ascertains a scale of population in Xinjiang according to the different accuracy of these methods. Then it predicts the unit production and total output of the main crops in Xinjiang with the sectional comprehensive model combined with the inclination’s extrapolation. After calculating the crops’ potential productivity based on the sunlight, the temperature and the climate, the article forecasts the land demand of the main crops and the construction in Xinjiang. The analysis about the future land carrying capacity is made from the above calculation. It needs to pay attention that the paper also makes a prediction about the expense of the water resource to make sure of a good match between the land and water.
The third part, chapter 5, analyses the existing problem and gives some advice. Firstly, the writer points out the beneficial factors which can enhance the land carrying capacity,. These factors include a big quantity of potential land for exploring, the large amount of water resource and plentiful sunlight and heat resource. The adverse factors are the harsh natural condition, the uneven distribution of the time and the space about the water resource, the backward facilities of water conservancy, low efficiency of the water and the land utilization, the shortage of capital and technology, and the fast growing population. On the basis of the above factors, the paper gives some advice and measures to enhance the land carrying capacity in the end. We should firstly fasten the economic development to contribute a firm economic base for the land usage; secondly enhance the efficiency of the water utilization; thirdly improve the agricultural technology; fourthly make an intensive operation to the land and fifthly control the population under a reasonable level. 前文Moreover, models of land demand is specified and estimated too.
更正为：
And a forecast model of land demand is specified and estimated too.
After calculating the potential productivity of the crops in the oasis, it forecasts not only the future population, but also the land demand and the land-population carrying capacity. Meanwhile it analyses the balance relationship between the land demand and the quantity of various land at present. Hence, it draws a conclusion that the land carrying capacity in Xinjiang will have a small favorable balance in 5 to 45 years. In the end, the writer gives some suggestions which can help to raise the potential productivity and enhance the land-population carrying capacity and provides some ways to protect the ecological environment.
The population size, land demand and land carrying capacity in the near future are forecasted based on calculation of potential crop yields in arable lands. Meanwhile, the balance between deman and supply of different kinds of lands is analyzed. The results indicate that there will be 5-45 years' balance of demand and supply of lands in Xinjiang, within the limits of its land carrying capacity. Recommended are some policy implications on development of potential land productivity and land carrying capacity, and on measures to protect ecological environments.
其他部分已经进入细节，超出了我的知识范围和能力之外，期待方家点评。最后，我想说的是，学术论文的翻译重点是术语准确、论证明晰、风格专业。多年前，我的外教给的建议是，准备吉祥三宝：英语用法词典、英语同义语词典和专业英语词汇（可以用专业教材后的subject index替代）。
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