自考英语一笔记(87)
9. It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within them which cause them to run down in that capacity as they grow alder， but that they are trained not to cry.本句中的（It is ）not that…but that…。 是英语中的常用结构，意思是“不是因为…而是因为…”。如：
1） It is not that I am not interested in it， but that I am fully occupied.
（不是因为我对这个没兴趣，而是因为我太忙了。）
2） It is not that I have no trust in him， but that I have to keep the promise of secrecy.
（不是因为我不信任他，而是因为我得信守保密的诺言。）
cause sb. to do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。如：
1） Careless caused him to fail the exam. （粗心致使他考试不及格。）
2） What caused him to change his mind？ （是什么使他改变主意？）
run down 意思是“reduce；exhaust” （降低；耗尽）。如：
1） The battery is run down. （电池的电用完了。）
2） The factory is running down its production. （工厂在紧缩生产。）
10. Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry.
本句可以理解为：
Therefore， we make the American males have a trained ability not to cry.
（于是我们使得美国男人具有了不会哭的能力。）
thus放在句首时，句子、可倒装，也可不用倒装。
11. … to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person to a state of equilibrium.
restore sb. to a state of …（使某人恢复…状态），如：
1） The doctor restored the old man to a state of health. （医生使那位老人恢复了健康。）
2） It is difficult to restore the country to a state of stability. （ 要使那个国家恢复稳定是件困难的事。）
12. Crying serves a homeostatic function for the organism as a whole.
动词serve通常用在短语serve as中，意思是“起…作用”）
1）He served as an adviser to the company. （ 他任公司顾问。）
2）This sofa serves as a bed. （这张沙发当床用。）
serve the function也是“起…作用”的意思。
as a whole 意思是“作为一个整体，总的来说”。如：
The temperature for that country as a whole is high. （这个国家的气温总的来说是高的。）
13. The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that shed tears.
that shed tears 是定语从句，修饰one .当先行词的前面有only时，定语从句不可以用which引导，而必须用that引导。如：
1） He is the only person that I trust. （他是我唯一信任的人。）
2） This is the only game that I enjoy. （这是我唯一喜欢的比赛。
shed tears 意思是“流泪”，如：
1）The story made me shed tears. （那个故事使我流了泪。）
2）When a crocodile sheds tears， it doesn't mean it is sad. （ 鳄鱼流泪并不意味它伤心。）
14. And this， among other things， is what American parents -with the best intention in the world-have achieved for the American male.
本句中的this 代指上一句所讲的内容。
with the best intention 意思是“有着最美好的意愿”。
achieve sth. 意思是“取得成就”。如：
1） I achieved nothing. （我一无所成。）
2） He achieved his goal after many hardships. （ 经过很多艰难困苦后他实现了自己的目标。）
15. …and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.
clear 在本句中作动词用，意思是“清除”。如：
Let me clear the furnace of ash. （让我把炉子里的灰清掉。）
prevent sb. from doing sth.意思是“妨碍（阻止）某人做某事”。如：
1） The traffic jam prevented me from getting home earlier. （交通阻塞使我无法早点到家。）
The heavy fog prevented the train from arriving on schedule. （大雪使火车无法准点到达。）
本课主要短语及表达
1. be characteristic of
2. identify with
3. in the least
4. disapprove of
5. devote to
6. （in） the pursuit of
7. a mark of
8. with regard to
9. impress sth. on sb
10. feel like doing sth.
11. run down
12. go on doing sth.
13. restore …to …
14. a state of
15. be known as
16. as a whole
17. shed tears
18. with the best intention
19. clear sth. of
20. prevent from
Text Bstop worrying now！
短语表达
1. deal with
He is really hard to deal with.
You may have to have extensive experiences to deal with issues like this.
2. choose to
After graduation from college， he chooses to take a poorly paid job instead.
If you choose to stay， I'm afraid you will also have to finish that writing first.
3. in the first place
You shouldn't take him on that trip in the first place.
There was this hidden error in the first place. How could you put all the blame on me？
4. label as
I can hardly believe that you could label it as toys.
His pitiful copy of my writing was labeled as the most creative in his class. What a joke！
5. can't help doing something
Despite repeated advice by my doctor， I simply can't help eating this fatty meat whenever there is a chance.
The boy could not help crying when he lost sight of his loving father.
6. hang on to sth
He hung on to his toy gun.
The little girl hung on to her mother's hand when they crossed the street.
7. risk doing sth
You will risk losing your job if you go on like this.
He risked being criticized when he was late for the meeting.
8. result in
The safety measures will result in the reduction of work accidents.
The game resulted in a tie.
9. use up
Since the energy on the earth can be used up one day， we will have to look for new energy sources right now.
Can you fetch me some paper？ I've used up all of them.
10. back down
I backed down carefully when I spotted a cobra on the island.
If they are not going to back down， we may have to find another way of compromise.
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