自考英语一笔记(86)
20. defect n. 缺点,欠缺。 ∣′di:fekt∣ vi. 逃跑,背叛。 ∣di′fekt∣1) She has a hearing defect.(她有听觉缺陷。)
2) He was surprised to find that the TV set has a basic defect.(他发现那台电视机有个大毛病,非常吃惊。)
3) He defected to the enemy.(他向敌方叛逃。)
21. intention n. 意图,打算。
1) He hurt his friends feelings without intention.(他无意间伤害了朋友的感情。)
2) I had made it clear that I had no intention of spending the rest of my life in such a place.(我已明确表示我无意在此度过余生。)
3) He was motivated by good intentions.(他的动机是善意的。)
4) Mr. Brown had no intention to resign.(布郎先生不打算辞职。)
本课简介
哭往往被认为是软弱的表示,是女性的特征,是幼稚的行为,美国男人丝毫不愿意与这一切沾边,所以他们不哭。在人人追求快乐的国度里,哭可太没美国味了。女人生就柔弱、依赖,她们哭很自然,而男人,千万不能哭。对于小男孩,我们让他们铭记“小男子汉是从来不哭的,只有小女孩和好哭的孩子才哭。”
美国男人不哭是因为他们随着年龄的增长体内的某个生物钟使其哭的能力消耗殆尽了吗?不是,他们是被调教得想哭时也不哭了。自幼受这样的训练,于是他们就有了不会哭的能力。
作者认为这样做不可取,因为哭是人这种生物的一种自然功能,哭能使感情失衡的人恢复到均衡状态。对均衡状态的干扰将对人体有害。在感情失衡的情况下,哭一哭有助于保持健康。人类是自然界中唯一在哭泣时流泪的生物,把人调教得不会哭则会养活他的人性。美国父母的好意,如果造成了这种结果岂不可悲?
本课主要语言点
1. American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so.
动词consider的用法如下:
① Consider +宾语+宾补
They considered the attack a mistake. (他们认为这次进攻是错误。)
② Consider +宾语+动词不定式
They considered themselves to be very lucking.(他们认为自己很幸运。)
③ Consider +宾语+ as
They don't consider it as important.(他们认为那个不重要。)
④ Consider +宾语+形容词
They consider it wise not to criticize him.(他们认为不批评他是明智的。)
⑤ Consider +宾语
He had no time to consider the matter.(他没有时间考虑这个事情。)
⑥ Consider +V-ing
He is considering changing his job.(他在考虑换一份工作。)
“be considered not characteristic of ……,” consider 在此处的用法当归于④。be characteristic of 意思是 be typical of.如:
1)Carelessness and impatience are characteristic of him.(粗心、无耐心是他的特点。)
2)Long winter and short spring are characteristic of the climate here.(冬天漫长,春天短暂是这儿的气候特点。)
3)Crying is not the characteristic of man.(哭泣不是男子汉的特征。)
2. … no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine.
be identified with意思是 be closely involved or associated with.如:
1) Of the 34 candidates nearly a third were identified with big financial groups.
(在34名候选人当中,近三分之一的人与大财团有紧密联系。)
2) He is closely identified with the former president.(他与前总统关系密切。)
in the least 用来强调否定,意思是“丝毫,一点儿。”如:
1)I don't mind in the least.(我一点也不在意。)
2)She was not in the least Jealous.(她丝毫不嫉妒。)
3. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours, crying really is rather un-American.
本句中的devoted是个形容词,to是介词,通常用be devoted to .devote用作动词,则可用devote………to
1) The students are devoted to their studies.(学生们专心学习。)
2) He is devoted to the cause of peace.(他致力于和平事业。)
3) They have devoted all their time to helping the poor.(他们把所有的时间都用在帮助穷人上。)
4) She devoted herself to her pupil.(她把全部身心倾注在学生身上。)
the pursuit of 意思是“对…追求(追捕)”。 in the pursuit of 是常用介词短语。
1) They are in pursuit of the escaped criminal.(他们在追捕逃犯。)
2) The album is produced in the pursuit of ellcellence.(这个专辑在制作过程中力求完美。)
land 在句中的意思是“country国家”。如:
1) He used to work in a distant land.(他曾在一个遥远的国度工作。)
2) He returned to his native land many years later.(许多年后,他回到了祖国。)
ours 在句中指our land
4. Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.
women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex是名词+V-ing的独立结构,表示原因。这句话的意思是because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex.
请看下面的例句,注意掌握名词+V-ing表示原因的独立结构。
1) So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off.(因为很多人不在场,会议只好延期。)
2) The question being so difficult, we must take time to consider it carefully.
(因为这个问题很困难,我们得花时间仔细考虑。)
3) The weather being terrible, they had to change their plan.(天气很糟糕,他们不得不改变计划。)
5. …crying is a mark of weakness
mark 在句中作名词用,意思是“标示,特征”,如:
1) He gave her a gift as a mark of gratitude.(他送给她一份礼物以表谢意。)
2) They removed their hats as a mark of respect.(他们脱帽以表敬意。)
3) These buildings display the mark of early Greek influence.(这些建筑表现出受早期希腊影响的特征。)
mark还有许多其它意思,如:
1) He got 70 marks out of 100.(他得了100分中的70分。)
2) There are a lot of ink marks on the wall.(墙上有许多墨水渍。)
3) He made a few marks with his pen.(他用笔做了几个记号。)
4) Be careful not to mark the table.(小心别在桌上留下痕迹。)
5) Mark all the big cities on the map.(在地图上把所有大的城市标出来。)
6. So goes the American belief with regard to crying.
so在句中用作副词,表示前面所说的(哭是软弱的标志)也适用于此。so在句首,句子倒装。
1) -He looks very hot and dry.(他看上去又热又干。)
-so would you if you had a high fever.(如果你发高烧,你也如此。)
2) His shoes are brightly polished, so is his briefcase.(他的鞋擦得很亮,他的公文包也是这样。)
with regard to也可用in regard to,意思是“regarding, be concerned with”(至于,就…而文论)。如:
This plant is not at all demanding with regard to water, soil and climate.(这种植物对水土气候一点不苛求。)
7. “A little man,” we impress on our male children, never cries动词impress用法如下:
① impress sb. with sth.(给某人留下…印象)
I hope I can impress my new boss with my diligence.(我希望我的勤勉能给新老板留下印象。)
② impress sth on sb.(给某人留下…印象;使某人理解…的重要)
She impressed on the Government the serious effect of high unemployment.
(她使政府意识到高失业率的严重影响。)
课文中的这个句子的意思是we impress “A little man never cries” on the mind of our male children.(我们让男孩铭记“小男子汉决不哭泣。”)
8. And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.
本句中的第一个so用作副词,意思是“因此,所以”如:
1) She is the only person I know in the city,so I went to her for help
(在这座城市里,她是我唯一的熟人,所以我将去求她帮忙。)
2) He speaks very little Chinese, so I talked to him in English.(他不太会讲中文,所以我用英文跟他交谈。)
句中的第二个用作代词,代替前文的词语或意思,本句中代指cry(哭)。
1) If you say so, I'll have to believe it.(如果你这样说,我只有相信了。)
2) Is it raining?(在下雨吗?)
I'm afraid so.(恐怕是的。)
condition在本句中用作动词,意思是“(训练,使适应)”,如:
1) They conditioned her not to flare up over trifles.(他们使她养成不为小事发脾气的习惯。)
2) They are conditioning the horse for a race.(他们在训练那匹马以参加比赛。)
feel的后面必须接名词或动名词。如:
1) I feel like singing.(我想唱歌。)
He feels like having a talk with her.(他想与她谈一谈。)
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